Pseudoaneurysm associated with an arteriovesical fistula after bladder substitution surgery definitively treated with a covered stent: a report of 3 cases.

A fistula between the iliac artery and a bladder pouch is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. In 3 patients presenting with massive hematuria after urinary diversion, an iliac artery pseudoaneurysm was found on imaging studies. These pseudoaneurysms were considered to be associated with a fistula between artery and pouch, causing the hematuria. All patients were successfully treated with a covered stent to exclude the pseudoaneurysm and the arteriovesical fistula. Clinical follow-up of 10 weeks, 16 months, and 27 months, respectively, showed no residual hematuria. In addition, no clinical signs of stent graft infection or thrombosis were identified during follow-up. In conclusion, the placement of a covered stent is a valuable therapeutic treatment option in the management of hematuria due to an arteriovesical fistula after urinary diversion surgery.