Department of Ophthalmology, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, NY, USA.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Sep;6(5):565-79. doi: 10.1586/17512433.2013.829645. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in developed countries. There are currently no cures, but there are promising potential therapies that target the underlying disease mechanisms of dry ARMD. Stem cells, ciliary neurotrophic factor, rheopheresis, ozonated autohemotherapy and prostaglandins show promise in stabilizing or improving visual acuity. Age-Related Eye Disease Study vitamins may reduce progression to severe ARMD. Adjuvant therapy like low vision rehabilitation and implantable miniature telescopes may help patients adjust to the sequelae of their disease, and herbal supplementation with saffron, zinc monocysteine and phototrop may be helpful. Therapies that are currently in clinical trials include brimonidine, doxycycline, anti-amyloid antibodies (GSK933776 and RN6G), RPE65 inhibitor (ACU-4429), complement inhibitors (ARC1905, FCFD4514S), hydroxychloroquine, intravitreal fluocinolone acetate and vasodilators like sildenafil, moxaverine and MC-1101. Therapies that have not been shown to be effective include POT-4, eculizumab, tandospirone, anecortave acetate, the antioxidant OT-551, sirolimus and vitamin E.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（ARMD）是发达国家导致不可逆性失明的主要原因。目前尚无治愈方法，但有一些有前途的潜在疗法针对的是干性 ARMD 的潜在疾病机制。干细胞、睫状神经营养因子、 rheopheresis、臭氧自体血疗法和前列腺素在稳定或提高视力方面显示出希望。年龄相关性眼病研究维生素可能会减缓向严重 ARMD 的进展。辅助疗法，如低视力康复和植入式微型望远镜，可以帮助患者适应疾病的后遗症，而藏红花、锌单半胱氨酸和光感受器的草药补充可能会有所帮助。目前正在临床试验中的疗法包括溴莫尼定、多西环素、抗淀粉样蛋白抗体（GSK933776 和 RN6G）、RPE65 抑制剂（ACU-4429）、补体抑制剂（ARC1905、FCFD4514S）、羟氯喹、玻璃体内氟轻松醋酸酯和血管扩张剂，如西地那非、莫沙必利和 MC-1101。尚未证明有效的疗法包括 POT-4、依库珠单抗、坦度螺酮、醋酸安西他滨、抗氧化剂 OT-551、西罗莫司和维生素 E。
