Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
Arch Med Res. 2013 Aug;44(6):415-21. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.07.002. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
T. gondii is a causal agent of encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Pyrimethamine (PYR) has been the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of nitazoxanide and pyrimethamine on astrocytes infected with T. gondii in vitro.
Rat astrocytes were cultured and infected with T. gondii. The effect of nitazoxanide (10, 20 and 30 μg/mL) and pyrimethamine (7, 10 and 13 μg/mL) on astrocytes infected was evaluated at 24 and 48 h post-infection. Tachyzoites and astrocytes were detected by the immunocytochemical method. T. gondii viability in astrocytes infected and treated with NTZ and PYR as well as NTZ and PYR cytotoxicity on astrocytes in vitro were evaluated by the MTT assay.
The number of parasites in astrocytes treated with the drugs was significantly reduced when compared to control (p <0.001) at 24 and 48 h. Nitazoxanide produced 97% T. gondii death in a concentration of 10 μg/mL in 48 h infected astrocytes. At 48 h, the death rate of T. gondii was higher when treated with nitazoxanide than with pyrimethamine. A higher toxicity rate in astrocyte was observed when using pyrimethamine at 40 μg/mL.
Nitazoxanide reduced T. gondii infection more efficiently than pyrimethamine and is not cytotoxic to astrocytes at the administered dose.
弓形虫是免疫功能低下患者脑炎的病原体。乙胺嘧啶（PYR）一直是治疗弓形虫病的首选药物。本研究旨在分析硝唑尼特和乙胺嘧啶对体外感染弓形虫的星形胶质细胞的影响。
培养大鼠星形胶质细胞并感染弓形虫。在感染后 24 和 48 小时，用硝唑尼特（10、20 和 30 μg/mL）和乙胺嘧啶（7、10 和 13 μg/mL）评估对感染星形胶质细胞的作用。通过免疫细胞化学方法检测速殖子和星形胶质细胞。通过 MTT 测定评估感染 NTZ 和 PYR 的弓形虫在星形胶质细胞中的活力以及 NTZ 和 PYR 在体外对星形胶质细胞的细胞毒性。
与对照组相比，药物处理后的星形胶质细胞中的寄生虫数量在 24 和 48 小时时明显减少（p <0.001）。硝唑尼特在 48 小时感染的星形胶质细胞中浓度为 10 μg/mL 时可产生 97%的弓形虫死亡。在 48 小时时，用硝唑尼特处理的弓形虫死亡率高于用乙胺嘧啶处理的。在 40 μg/mL 时，用乙胺嘧啶观察到更高的星形胶质细胞毒性。
硝唑尼特比乙胺嘧啶更有效地降低弓形虫感染，并且在给予的剂量下对星形胶质细胞没有细胞毒性。
