Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jan 1;466-467:906-13. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.088. Epub 2013 Aug 25.
The effect of soil amendment with different organic residues from olive oil production on the sorption and leaching of two pesticides used in rice crops (bentazone and tricyclazole) was compared in order to understand their behavior and to improve soil properties by recycling an abundant agricultural residue in Andalucía (S. Spain). A residue from olive oil production (AJ), the organic compost derived from this organic waste (CA) and a biochar (BA) made from CA were used. A soil devoted to rice cultivation, IFAPA (I), was amended at 2% (w/w) of each amendment individually (I+AJ, I+CA and I+BA). In order to evaluate the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from these amendments on bentazone and tricyclazole behavior, the DOM from the amendments was extracted, quantified and characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and FT-IR. The affinity of DOM for soil surfaces was evaluated with (I) soil and two other soils of different physicochemical properties, ARCO (A) and GUAD (G). These studies revealed differences in DOM quantity, quality and affinity for the used soils among amendments which can explain the different sorption behavior observed for tricyclazole in the amended soils. Leaching assays under saturated/unsaturated conditions revealed a slight delay of bentazone in I+CA and I+BA soils when compared to I+AJ, that can be related to the higher DOM content and much lower specific surface area of AJ. In contrast, tricyclazole was not detected in any of the leachates during the leaching assay. Extraction of tricyclazole residues from soil columns showed that the fungicide did not move below 5cm in the higher sorptive systems (I+CA, I+BA). The sorption of DOM from amendments on soil during the transport process can decrease the mobility of the fungicide by changing the physicochemical properties of the soil surface whose behavior may be dominated by the adsorbed DOM.
为了了解其行为并通过回收安达卢西亚（西班牙南部）丰富的农业残留物来改善土壤特性，比较了不同橄榄生产有机残留物的土壤改良对两种用于水稻作物的农药（苯达松和三唑酮）的吸附和淋失的影响。使用了一种来自橄榄油生产的残留物（AJ）、由这种有机废物衍生的有机堆肥（CA）和由 CA 制成的生物炭（BA）。将一种专门用于水稻种植的土壤 IFAPA（I）分别用每种改良剂 2%（w/w）进行改良（I+AJ、I+CA 和 I+BA）。为了评估这些改良剂中溶解的有机物（DOM）对苯达松和三唑酮行为的影响，从改良剂中提取、定量并通过荧光光谱和 FT-IR 进行了表征。通过（I）土壤和另外两种具有不同物理化学性质的土壤 ARCO（A）和 GUAD（G）评估了 DOM 对土壤表面的亲和力。这些研究表明，在不同的改良剂中，DOM 的数量、质量和对所用土壤的亲和力存在差异，这可以解释在添加土壤中观察到的三唑酮不同的吸附行为。在饱和/不饱和条件下进行的淋滤试验表明，与 I+AJ 相比，I+CA 和 I+BA 土壤中苯达松的淋滤稍有延迟，这可能与 AJ 中 DOM 含量较高和比表面积较低有关。相比之下，在淋滤试验过程中，任何淋出液中都没有检测到三唑酮。从土壤柱中提取三唑酮残留表明，在较高吸附系统（I+CA、I+BA）中，杀菌剂不会在 5cm 以下移动。在运输过程中，改良剂中的 DOM 对土壤的吸附可以通过改变土壤表面的物理化学性质来降低杀菌剂的迁移性，而土壤表面的行为可能由吸附的 DOM 主导。
