Cabrera A, Cox Lucia, Velarde P, Koskinen William C, Cornejo Juan
Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla IRNAS CSIC, P.O. Box 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain.
J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Jun 13;55(12):4828-34. doi: 10.1021/jf070525b. Epub 2007 May 19.
The addition of organic amendments to soil increases soil organic matter content and stimulates soil microbial activity. Thus, processes affecting herbicide fate in the soil should be affected. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of olive oil production industry organic waste (alperujo) on soil sorption-desorption, degradation, and leaching of diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] and terbuthylazine [N2-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N4-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], two herbicides widely used in olive crops. The soils used in this study were a sandy soil and a silty clay soil from two different olive groves. The sandy soil was amended in the laboratory with fresh (uncomposted) alperujo at the rate of 10% w/w, and the silty clay soil was amended in the field with fresh alperujo at the rate of 256 kg per tree during 4 years and in the laboratory with fresh or composted alperujo. Sorption of both herbicides increased in laboratory-amended soils as compared to unamended or field-amended soils, and this process was less reversible in laboratory-amended soils, except for diuron in amended sandy soil. Addition of alperujo to soils increased half-lives of the herbicides in most of the soils. Diuron and terbuthylazine leached through unamended sandy soil, but no herbicide was detected in laboratory-amended soil. Diuron did not leach through amended or unamended silty clay soil, whereas small amounts of terbuthylazine were detected in leachates from unamended soil. Despite their higher sorption capacity, greater amounts of terbuthylazine were found in the leachates from amended silty clay soils. The amounts of dissolved organic matter from alperujo and the degree of humification can affect sorption, degradation, and leaching of these two classes of herbicides in soils. It appears that adding alperujo to soil would not have adverse impacts on the behavior of herbicides in olive production.
向土壤中添加有机改良剂可增加土壤有机质含量并刺激土壤微生物活性。因此，影响土壤中除草剂归宿的过程应该会受到影响。本研究的目的是调查橄榄油生产行业的有机废弃物（橄榄渣）对土壤中敌草隆[3-(3,4-二氯苯基)-1,1-二甲基脲]和特丁津[N2-叔丁基-6-氯-N4-乙基-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二胺]的吸附-解吸、降解和淋溶的影响，这两种除草剂在橄榄种植中广泛使用。本研究使用的土壤是来自两个不同橄榄园的砂质土壤和粉质粘质土壤。在实验室中，砂质土壤用新鲜（未堆肥）的橄榄渣以10%（重量/重量）的比例进行改良；粉质粘质土壤在田间以每棵树256千克的新鲜橄榄渣用量连续4年进行改良，并在实验室中用新鲜或堆肥的橄榄渣进行改良。与未改良或田间改良的土壤相比，在实验室改良的土壤中，两种除草剂的吸附均有所增加，并且除了改良砂质土壤中的敌草隆外，该过程在实验室改良的土壤中可逆性较差。向土壤中添加橄榄渣增加了大多数土壤中除草剂的半衰期。敌草隆和特丁津通过未改良的砂质土壤淋溶，但在实验室改良的土壤中未检测到除草剂。敌草隆未通过改良或未改良的粉质粘质土壤淋溶，而在未改良土壤的渗滤液中检测到少量特丁津。尽管其吸附能力较高，但在改良粉质粘质土壤的渗滤液中发现了更多的特丁津。橄榄渣中的溶解有机物含量和腐殖化程度会影响这两类除草剂在土壤中的吸附、降解和淋溶。看来向土壤中添加橄榄渣对橄榄生产中除草剂的行为不会产生不利影响。
