Marcum James A
*Department of Philosophy, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
J Med Philos. 2013 Oct;38(5):501-19. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jht040. Epub 2013 Aug 24.
What role, if any, should emotions play in clinical reasoning and decision making? Traditionally, emotions have been excluded from clinical reasoning and decision making, but with recent advances in cognitive neuropsychology they are now considered an important component of them. Today, cognition is thought to be a set of complex processes relying on multiple types of intelligences. The role of mathematical logic (hypothetico-deductive thinking) or verbal linguistic intelligence in cognition, for example, is well documented and accepted; however, the role of emotional intelligence has received less attention-especially because its nature and function are not well understood. In this paper, I argue for the inclusion of emotions in clinical reasoning and decision making. To that end, developments in contemporary cognitive neuropsychology are initially examined and analyzed, followed by a review of the medical literature discussing the role of emotions in clinical practice. Next, a published clinical case is reconstructed and used to illustrate the recognition and regulation of emotions played during a series of clinical consultations, which resulted in a positive medical outcome. The paper's main thesis is that emotions, particularly in terms of emotional intelligence as a practical form of intelligence, afford clinical practitioners a robust cognitive resource for providing quality medical care.
情绪在临床推理和决策中应扮演何种角色（若有角色的话）？传统上，情绪被排除在临床推理和决策之外，但随着认知神经心理学的最新进展，它们现在被视为其中的一个重要组成部分。如今，认知被认为是一组依赖多种智能的复杂过程。例如，数学逻辑（假设 - 演绎思维）或语言语言智能在认知中的作用有充分的文献记载并被广泛接受；然而，情商的作用却较少受到关注——尤其是因为其本质和功能尚未得到很好的理解。在本文中，我主张将情绪纳入临床推理和决策之中。为此目的，首先对当代认知神经心理学的发展进行考察和分析，随后回顾讨论情绪在临床实践中作用的医学文献。接下来，重构一个已发表的临床案例，用以说明在一系列临床会诊过程中情绪的识别与调节，这些临床会诊带来了积极的医疗结果。本文的主要论点是，情绪，特别是作为一种实用智能形式的情商，为临床从业者提供了一种强大的认知资源，以提供高质量的医疗服务。
