Ramirez J L, Miyaki C Y, Del Lama S N
Laboratório de Genética de Aves, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil.
Genet Mol Res. 2013 Jul 30;12(3):2740-50. doi: 10.4238/2013.July.30.11.
The family Threskiornithidae includes 13 genera and 32 species, and it is traditionally divided into 2 subfamilies: Plataleinae and Threskiornithinae. We present a phylogenetic reconstruction to test the monophyly of currently accepted subfamilies, including 15 species from both subfamilies and 10 genera of family Threskiornithidae. Phylogenetic trees were inferred on the basis of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and the nuclear intron 7 of β-fibrinogen. Threskiornithidae was recovered as a monophyletic group. Plataleinae formed a monophyletic group, but nested within Threskiornithinae, which was thus paraphyletic. Two major phylogenetic groups were identified: the 'endemic New World clade', including genera endemic to the American continent, and the 'widespread clade', comprising the remaining species. These phylogenetic groups diverged about 39-42 million years ago, i.e., before the separation of South America and Antarctica. Our results agree with an initial vicariance due to Gondwana break-up and subsequent colonization of species from the Old World to the New World.
鹮科包含13个属和32个物种，传统上分为2个亚科：琵鹭亚科和鹮亚科。我们进行了系统发育重建，以检验当前公认亚科的单系性，包括来自两个亚科的15个物种以及鹮科的10个属。基于线粒体16S rRNA基因和β-纤维蛋白原的核内含子7推断系统发育树。鹮科被确认为一个单系类群。琵鹭亚科形成了一个单系类群，但嵌套在鹮亚科之中，因此鹮亚科是并系的。确定了两个主要的系统发育类群：“新大陆特有类群”，包括美洲大陆特有的属，以及“广布类群”，由其余物种组成。这些系统发育类群大约在3900万至4200万年前分化，即在南美洲和南极洲分离之前。我们的结果与冈瓦纳大陆分裂导致的初始隔离以及随后旧世界物种向新世界的殖民情况相符。
