College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
J Biomed Mater Res A. 2013 Dec;101(12):3661-9. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34635. Epub 2013 Aug 26.
Nanocarriers with unique characteristics have attracted great attentions in tumor treatment, but therapeutic efficacy of drugs is limited by the nonuniform delivery of nanocarriers to tumor by three progresses blood circulation system, tumor vessels and tumor interstitium. The total number of nanocarriers usually was reduced dramatically into tumor, because nanocarriers in blood vessels always can be cleared by RES system or accumulated in kidney and liver. Abnormal vessels are almost uneven allocation on tumor surface and cannot contribute to deliver nanocarriers to all the region of tumors, especially the interior of tumors. In addition, nanocarriers will be retained in perivascular space of tumor under high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and heterogeneous structure of tumor matrix. In this article, we reviewed the structure of nanocarriers and the barriers in tumor microenvironment influencing delivery of nanocarriers. With the aim of transport over these barriers to increase the delivery efficiency of nanocarriers, two strategies tumor microenvironment normalization and nanocarriers optimization were proposed and designed.
纳米载体具有独特的性质，在肿瘤治疗中引起了广泛关注，但其药物治疗效果受到纳米载体向肿瘤不均匀传递的限制，这一过程包括血液循环系统、肿瘤血管和肿瘤间质三个步骤。进入肿瘤的纳米载体数量通常会急剧减少，因为血管中的纳米载体经常会被 RES 系统清除或在肾脏和肝脏中积累。异常血管在肿瘤表面的分布几乎不均匀，无法将纳米载体输送到肿瘤的所有区域，尤其是肿瘤内部。此外，在高间质流体压力（IFP）和肿瘤基质异质性的作用下，纳米载体将被保留在血管周围的空间中。本文综述了纳米载体的结构和肿瘤微环境中的障碍对纳米载体传递的影响。为了克服这些障碍，提高纳米载体的传递效率，提出并设计了两种策略：肿瘤微环境正常化和纳米载体优化。
