Bohnert D W, Stalker L A, Mills R R, Nyman A, Falck S J, Cooke R F
Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Oregon State University, Burns 97720.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Nov;91(11):5485-91. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-6301. Epub 2013 Aug 29.
A 2-yr study utilizing 120 mature, crossbred (Angus × Herford) cows/year, evaluated the influence of cow BCS and dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) supplementation during late gestation on cow performance and productivity of subsequent offspring. Treatments were arranged as a 2×2 factorial in a randomized complete block design with 2 BCS and with or without DDGS supplementation. Cows were nutritionally managed to enter the last trimester of gestation with a BCS of approximately 4 (LBCS) or 6 (HBCS) and were thereafter managed in a single herd (initial BCS were 4.4 and 5.7 for LBCS and HBCS treatments, respectively). During the last trimester, 12.7 kg/cow of low quality meadow hay (6.4% CP; DM basis) was provided each day. Supplemented cows were gathered and sorted into pens (12 pens; 5 cows/pen; 6 pens/BCS) every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and received the equivalent of 0.9 kg/cow daily of DDGS (31% CP; DM basis; supplement was consumed within 30 min on each supplementation day). Calf birth weight was greater for HBCS compared to LBCS (P=0.001) and for supplemented compared to nonsupplemented cows (P=0.04). Cow weight at weaning was greater for HBCS compared with LBCS (P<0.001); however, no differences were noted because of supplementation (P=0.16). Weaning weight was greater for the offspring of supplemented compared to nonsupplemented cows (P=0.02). There were no differences in postweaning calf performance (growing lot and feedlot) or carcass characteristics (P>0.05) due to treatments. Nevertheless, HBCS cows had approximately 10% more live calves at birth and at weaning (P≤0.01) compared to LBCS cows. Consequently, the total weaned calf weight per cow was 26 kg greater for HBCS compared with LBCS (P=0.004). Pregnancy rate was greater (P=0.05) for HBCS than LBCS cows (92% vs. 79%, respectively) but not affected by supplementation (P=0.94). This research demonstrates the potential consequences of not maintaining cows in adequate BCS at calving. Also, though it appears that supplementation of beef cows with DDGS during late gestation has a positive effect on weaning weight, there was no apparent developmental programming effect on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of calves.
一项为期两年的研究，每年使用120头成熟的杂交（安格斯×赫里福德）母牛，评估妊娠后期母牛体况评分（BCS）和添加可溶物的干酒糟（DDGS）对母牛生产性能及后续后代生产力的影响。试验处理采用2×2析因设计，随机完全区组排列，设置2个BCS水平，分别为添加或不添加DDGS。母牛在营养管理下进入妊娠最后三个月时，BCS约为4（低BCS）或6（高BCS），此后在一个牛群中统一管理（低BCS和高BCS处理组的初始BCS分别为4.4和5.7）。在妊娠最后三个月，每天为每头母牛提供12.7千克低质量草地干草（粗蛋白含量6.4%；干物质基础）。每周一、三、五将添加DDGS的母牛集中并分栏（共12个栏；每栏5头母牛；每个BCS水平6个栏），每头母牛每天相当于接受0.9千克DDGS（粗蛋白含量31%；干物质基础；每次补饲时在30分钟内吃完）。高BCS组的犊牛出生体重高于低BCS组（P = 0.001），添加DDGS组的犊牛出生体重高于未添加组（P = 0.04）。高BCS组母牛断奶时体重高于低BCS组（P < 0.001）；然而，添加DDGS对母牛体重无显著影响（P = 0.16）。添加DDGS组母牛所产后代的断奶体重高于未添加组（P = 0.02）。处理对断奶后犊牛性能（育成栏和育肥栏）或胴体特性无显著影响（P > 0.05）。尽管如此，与低BCS组母牛相比，高BCS组母牛出生时和断奶时的存活犊牛数量多约10%（P≤0.01）。因此，高BCS组每头母牛的断奶犊牛总重量比低BCS组高26千克（P = 0.004）。高BCS组母牛的妊娠率高于低BCS组（P = 0.05）（分别为92%和79%），但不受添加DDGS的影响（P = 0.94）。本研究表明产犊时未使母牛保持适当BCS的潜在后果。此外，虽然妊娠后期给肉牛补充DDGS似乎对断奶体重有积极影响，但对犊牛育肥性能和胴体特性没有明显的发育编程效应。
