Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Int J Parasitol. 2013 Nov;43(12-13):1047-57. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Aug 27.
Anisakis is a parasitic nematode which infects fish and marine invertebrates, including crustaceans and molluscs. Ingestion of contaminated seafood can cause acute gastrointestinal diseases. Infection can be accompanied by severe allergic reactions such as urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis. Diagnosis of allergy due to Anisakis currently relies on the detection of serum IgE antibodies to allergenic proteins and a history of reactions upon exposure to fish. Anisakis proteins demonstrate considerable immunological cross-reactivity to proteins of related nematodes and other invertebrates such as crustaceans and house dust-mites. In contrast, very limited molecular associations with other parasite groups are observed, including trematodes and cestodes. This review outlines current knowledge on Anisakis as a food-borne parasite, with special focus on the underlying immunological mechanisms resulting in allergic host defence responses.
棘颚线虫是一种寄生线虫，感染鱼类和海洋无脊椎动物，包括甲壳类动物和软体动物。食用受污染的海鲜会导致急性胃肠道疾病。感染可能伴有严重的过敏反应，如荨麻疹、血管性水肿和过敏反应。目前，由于棘颚线虫引起的过敏诊断依赖于对过敏原蛋白的血清 IgE 抗体的检测，以及在暴露于鱼类时发生反应的病史。棘颚线虫蛋白与相关线虫和其他无脊椎动物（如甲壳类动物和屋尘螨）的蛋白质表现出相当大的免疫交叉反应性。相比之下，与其他寄生虫群的分子关联非常有限，包括吸虫和绦虫。这篇综述概述了作为食源性寄生虫的棘颚线虫的现有知识，特别关注导致过敏宿主防御反应的潜在免疫学机制。
