Lee Jung Han, Han Ki Soo, Bae Dong Won, Kim Dong Kil, Kim Hee Kyu
Department of Applied Biology & Environmental Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea.
Mycobiology. 2008 Sep;36(3):143-7. doi: 10.4489/MYCO.2008.36.3.143. Epub 2008 Sep 30.
We have detected the slime mold, Diachea leucopodia (GNU06-10) in a strawberry greenhouse located in Sancheong-gun, Gyeongnam. Typical fruiting bodies had developed gregariously on the strawberry leaves, petioles, and plant debris on ground soil habitat, and also surprisingly on plastic pipes and a vinyl covering. Field samples were examined via stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and SEM for the determination of morphological characteristics. Dark-brown to black spores formed gregariously within the stipitate cylindrical sporangium, and were covered by an iridescent peridium, which may be intact at maturity, or may have disintegrated. The upper portion of the peridium generally breaks up to expose the spores, whereas the lower portion was usually persistent. The results of energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) analysis showed that lime was present in the stalk and columella but absent from the spores, capillitium, and peridium. The above characteristics confirm its taxonomic position in the genus Diachea. However, this genus is intermediate in character between the Physarales and Stemonitales of the Myxogastromycetidae. Hence, this genus had been classified as a member of the Stemonitales until the mid-1970's, on the basis of its iridescent peridium and noncalcareous capillitial system, similar to Comatricha of the Stemonitaceae. By way of contrast, emphasis on morphological characteristics, most notably the calcareous stalk and typical columella, places Diachea within the order Physarales. The presence of a phaneroplasmodium during the trophic stage and lime deposition in its sporophores, as was confirmed in this work, supported the inclusion of Diachea in the Physarales, and the noncalcareous capillitial system verified its identification as a member of the Didymiaceae. Further characteristics of the species D. leucopodia include the following: phaneroplasmodium, spore globose 7.5 µm in diameter, very minutely roughened; sporangia 500 µm × 1mm, more or less cylindrical, gregarious, stalked 1.2mm; stalk and columella white.
我们在庆南省陕川郡的一个草莓温室中检测到了黏菌白柄钙皮菌（GNU06 - 10）。典型的子实体在草莓叶、叶柄以及地面土壤生境中的植物残体上大量生长，令人惊讶的是，在塑料管道和塑料薄膜上也有生长。通过体视显微镜、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对野外样本进行检查，以确定其形态特征。深棕色至黑色的孢子在具柄圆柱形孢子囊内大量形成，并被一层虹彩状的包被所覆盖，包被在成熟时可能保持完整，也可能已经解体。包被的上部通常会破裂以露出孢子，而下部通常会留存。能量色散X射线光谱仪（EDS）分析结果表明，石灰存在于柄和孢轴中，但孢子、孢丝和包被中不存在。上述特征证实了它在钙皮菌属中的分类地位。然而，该属在特征上介于黏菌纲的绒泡菌目和发网菌目之间。因此，基于其虹彩状包被和无石灰质的孢丝系统，类似于发网菌科的发网菌属，直到20世纪70年代中期，该属一直被归类为发网菌目的成员。相比之下，强调形态特征，最显著的是石灰质的柄和典型的孢轴，则将钙皮菌属归入绒泡菌目。如本研究中所证实的，在营养阶段存在显型原质团以及在其子实体中有石灰沉积，支持将钙皮菌属归入绒泡菌目，并且无石灰质的孢丝系统证实了将其鉴定为双皮菌科的成员。白柄钙皮菌该物种的进一步特征如下：显型原质团，孢子球形，直径7.5微米，表面有非常微小的粗糙；孢子囊500微米×1毫米，或多或少呈圆柱形，丛生，具柄，柄长1.2毫米；柄和孢轴白色。
