Hoffmann L, Beyer M, Schiemann R, Jentsch W
Forschungszentrum für Tierproduktion Dummerstorf-Rostock, Landwirtschaftswissenschaften, DDR.
Arch Tierernahr. 1990 Apr;40(4):279-96. doi: 10.1080/17450399009430925.
The energy requirement of pregnant and lactating sows is derived on the basis of extensive experimental studies of the energy metabolism (indirect calorimetry, slaughtering) according to the factorial method. For the first reproduction cycle (RC) 0.41 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) or 0.29 MJ net energy fat, pig (NEFpig) resp. were necessary for energy maintenance requirement for pregnant and lactating sows and, depending on age, 0.44 MJ ME or 0.31 MJNEFpig in the second or third RC and 0.47 MJ ME/kg LW0.75.d or 0.33 MJ NEFpig/kg LW0.75.d in the 4th-8th RC. A linear increase of up to 6% of the energy requirement caused by pregnancy between the 85th and 115th day of pregnancy is taken into consideration. Energy requirement per 1 MJ retention both in pregnancy and lactation is 1.45 MJ ME or 1.03 MJ NEFpig, per 1 MJ milk yield it is 1.33 MJ ME or 0.91 MJ NEFpig. 1 MJ body energy for milk yield corresponds to 1.20 MJ ME or 0.82 MJ NEFpig. Equations describing energy retention in the products of conception, uterus and udder are established as well as equations characterizing the connections between live weight gain or loss and energy content of the gain or loss.
妊娠和泌乳母猪的能量需求是根据能量代谢的广泛实验研究（间接量热法、屠宰法），采用析因法得出的。对于第一个繁殖周期（RC），妊娠和泌乳母猪维持能量需求分别需要0.41兆焦代谢能（ME）或0.29兆焦净能脂肪，猪（NEFpig），第二个或第三个RC中，根据年龄不同，分别需要0.44兆焦ME或0.31兆焦NEFpig，在第4 - 8个RC中需要0.47兆焦ME/kg LW0.75.d或0.33兆焦NEFpig/kg LW0.75.d。考虑到妊娠第85天至115天期间，妊娠导致的能量需求线性增加高达6%。妊娠和泌乳期间，每1兆焦体脂沉积的能量需求为1.45兆焦ME或1.03兆焦NEFpig，每1兆焦产奶量的能量需求为1.33兆焦ME或0.91兆焦NEFpig。每1兆焦产奶的体能量相当于1.20兆焦ME或0.82兆焦NEFpig。建立了描述胚胎、子宫和乳腺中能量沉积的方程，以及表征体重增加或减少与增加或减少的能量含量之间关系的方程。
