Droblenkov A V, Naumov N V, Monid M V, Valkovich E I, Shabanov P D
Department of Histology and Embryology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Morfologiia. 2013;143(3):14-21.
The aim of this study was to detect structural, spatial and quantitative changes of cellular elements of midbrain paranigral nucleus (PNN) and telencephalic anterior cingulate area (ACA) under different conditions of circulatory hypoxia. PNN anteriormedial part and ACA layers V-VI were examined in adult rats 7 days (n=4) after an occlusion of both common carotid arteries as well as in intact (1st control, n=4) and sham-operated animals (2nd control, n=4). In histological the sections, stained with Nissl cresyl violet, and using the methods of glial fibrillary acidic protein and an Ibal-protein detection, the proportions of unmodified, hypochromic, pyknomorphic neurons and ghost cells were determined as well as the numbers of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microgliocytes and endotheliocytes. Cell body area of neurons and gliocytes, and the distance between cell bodies and capillaries were measured, a gliocyte-neuronal index was calculated. It was found that brain cellular elements that survive different conditions of a circulatory hypoxia underwent a range of pathological changes. Neurons were in process of nuclear pyknosis, lysis and transformation into the ghost cells. The cells within the hypoxia nuclear zone were prone to death or pyknosis. The neurons located outside the area of hypoxia which were affected only by a humoral impact of reactions of the glutamate-calcium cascade, frequently underwent acute swelling. Microgliocyte reaction in the form of poorly expressed increase in their number and structural signs of activation was an early diffuse manifestation of a prosencephalic focal hypoxia. Endotheliocyte proliferation 7 days after of ischemic challenge was not associated with a chain of cascade reactions and was observed only in the hypoxia focus. Concentration of viable neurons and astrocytes near blood capillaries, as well as an increase in the number of satellite form gliocytes is an adaptation mechanism and a condition for the survival of cells during various types of brain exposure to ischemia.
本研究的目的是检测在不同循环性缺氧条件下中脑黑质旁核（PNN）和端脑前扣带区（ACA）细胞成分的结构、空间和定量变化。在成年大鼠双侧颈总动脉闭塞7天后（n = 4），以及在完整动物（第1组对照，n = 4）和假手术动物（第2组对照，n = 4）中，检查了PNN前内侧部分和ACA的V - VI层。在组织学切片中，用尼氏甲酚紫染色，并采用胶质纤维酸性蛋白和Ibal蛋白检测方法，确定未修饰、嗜碱性、固缩神经元和鬼影细胞的比例，以及星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和内皮细胞的数量。测量神经元和胶质细胞的细胞体面积，以及细胞体与毛细血管之间的距离，计算胶质细胞 - 神经元指数。结果发现，在不同循环性缺氧条件下存活的脑内细胞成分发生了一系列病理变化。神经元处于核固缩、溶解并转化为鬼影细胞的过程中。缺氧核区内的细胞易于死亡或发生核固缩。仅受谷氨酸 - 钙级联反应体液影响的缺氧区域外的神经元，经常发生急性肿胀。小胶质细胞反应表现为数量增加不明显和激活的结构迹象不明显，是前脑局灶性缺氧的早期弥漫性表现。缺血刺激7天后内皮细胞增殖与一系列级联反应无关，仅在缺氧灶中观察到。毛细血管附近存活神经元和星形胶质细胞的浓度增加，以及卫星状胶质细胞数量的增加是一种适应机制，也是各种类型脑缺血时细胞存活的条件。
