Department of Cognitive Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, H-1064 Budapest, Hungary.
Res Dev Disabil. 2013 Nov;34(11):3822-32. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.07.039. Epub 2013 Sep 7.
We investigated ability to understand goals and attribute intentions in the context of two imitation studies in low-functioning, nonverbal children with autism (L-F CWA), a population that is rarely targeted by research in the domain. Down syndrome children (DSC) and typically developing children (TDC) were recruited to form matched comparison groups. In the two sets of simple action demonstrations only contextual indicators of the model's intentions were manipulated. In the Head touch experiment the model activated a button on a toy by pushing it with the forehead, whereas in the Hidden box experiment the model used a ball with a magnet to lift a box out of its container. Both actions were unusual and non-affordant with regards to the objects involved, none of the children in the baseline condition produced them. L-F CWA imitated the experimenter exactly, regardless of the model's intention. TDC showed appreciation of the model's intention by imitating her actions selectively. DSC reproduced only the intentional action as often as they imitated the experimenter exactly. It is concluded that L-F CWA attributed goals to the observed model, but did not show an appreciation of the model's intentions even in these simplified, nonverbal contexts.
我们在两项模仿研究中调查了低功能、非言语自闭症儿童（L-F CWA）理解目标和归因意图的能力，这是该领域研究很少针对的人群。我们招募了唐氏综合征儿童（DSC）和典型发育儿童（TDC）来形成匹配的对照组。在两组简单动作演示中，仅操纵了模型意图的上下文指示符。在头部触摸实验中，模型用额头推动玩具上的按钮来激活按钮，而在隐藏盒实验中，模型使用带有磁铁的球将盒子从容器中提起。这两个动作对于所涉及的物体来说都是不寻常的和不可实现的，基线条件下的儿童都没有做出这些动作。无论模型的意图如何，L-F CWA 都完全模仿了实验者。TDC 通过有选择地模仿她的动作来理解模型的意图。DSC 复制的意向动作和完全模仿实验者的次数一样多。结论是，L-F CWA 将目标归因于观察到的模型，但即使在这些简化的非语言情境中，也没有表现出对模型意图的欣赏。
