Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Prev Med. 2013 Nov;57(5):685-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.08.030. Epub 2013 Sep 8.
The present work aims to provide 10-year estimates of the probability of cancer occurrence in the Japanese population based on age, sex, and the pattern of adherence to five healthy lifestyle habits.
The study population consisted of 74,935 participants in the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study (aged 45 to 74 years) who answered a 5-year follow-up questionnaire about various lifestyle habits between 1995 and 1999. The relationship between five previously identified healthy lifestyle habits (never smoking, moderate or no alcohol consumption, adequate physical activity, moderate salt intake, and appropriate body mass index) and cancer occurrence was assessed using a sex-specific parametric survival model.
Compared to individuals not adhering to any of the five habits, never-smoking men had a nearly 30% reduction in the 10-year probability of cancer occurrence (e.g., 20.5% vs. 28.7% at age 70), and never-smoking women had a 16% reduction (e.g., 10.5% vs. 12.5% at age 70). Adherence to all five habits was estimated to reduce the 10-year probability of cancer occurrence by 1/2 in men and 1/3 in women.
By quantifying the impact of lifestyle habits on the probability of cancer occurrence, this study emphasizes the importance of lifestyle improvement.
本研究旨在基于年龄、性别以及对五种健康生活习惯的依从模式，提供日本人群癌症发生概率的 10 年估计值。
研究人群为参加日本公共卫生中心前瞻性研究（年龄 45-74 岁）的 74935 名参与者，他们在 1995 年至 1999 年期间回答了关于各种生活方式习惯的 5 年随访问卷。使用性别特异性参数生存模型评估五种先前确定的健康生活习惯（从不吸烟、适量或不饮酒、充分的身体活动、适量的盐摄入和适当的体重指数）与癌症发生之间的关系。
与未遵守任何五种习惯的个体相比，从不吸烟的男性癌症发生的 10 年概率降低了近 30%（例如，70 岁时为 20.5%，而 70 岁时为 28.7%），从不吸烟的女性降低了 16%（例如，70 岁时为 10.5%，而 70 岁时为 12.5%）。据估计，遵守所有五种习惯可使男性癌症发生的 10 年概率降低 1/2，女性降低 1/3。
通过量化生活习惯对癌症发生概率的影响，本研究强调了改善生活方式的重要性。
