Hengartner Michael P, Ajdacic-Gross Vladeta, Rodgers Stephanie, Müller Mario, Haker Helene, Rössler Wulf
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014 Aug;264(5):441-8. doi: 10.1007/s00406-013-0441-0.
There is some evidence that fluid intelligence as well as empathy may be significantly related to personality disorders (PDs). To our knowledge, no study has addressed those issues simultaneously in all 10 DSM PDs in a sample of the general population. We analysed data from 196 participants aged 20–41 from the Epidemiology Survey of the Zurich Programme for Sustainable Development of Mental Health Services (ZInEP), a comprehensive psychiatric survey in the general population of Zurich, Switzerland. We assessed the digit symbol-coding test (DSCT), the “reading the mind in the eyes” test (RMET) and the interpersonal reactivity index (IRI). Both measures of cognitive empathy (i.e. RMET and IRI perspective taking) were not related to any PD trait-score. The total PD trait-score was significantly associated with low scores on DSCT and IRI empathic concern and high scores on IRI personal distress, which indicates a dose–response relationship in those measures. DSCT was particularly related to borderline PD, IRI empathic concern to schizoid and narcissistic PDs, and IRI personal distress to avoidant PD. The proportion of variance explained in the total PD trait-score accounted for by DSCT, IRI empathic concern and IRI personal distress was 2.6, 2.3 and 13.3 %, respectively. Symptomatology and severity of PDs are related to low fluid intelligence and reduced emotional empathy as characterized by low empathic concern and high personal distress towards emotional expressions of others. Further research is needed that examines the association between cognitive empathy and personality pathology as well as potential clinical applications.
有证据表明，流体智力以及同理心可能与人格障碍（PDs）显著相关。据我们所知，尚无研究在普通人群样本中对所有10种DSM人格障碍同时探讨这些问题。我们分析了来自苏黎世心理健康服务可持续发展项目流行病学调查（ZInEP）的196名年龄在20 - 41岁参与者的数据，该调查是瑞士苏黎世普通人群的一项全面精神病学调查。我们评估了数字符号编码测试（DSCT）、“读心术”测试（RMET）和人际反应指数（IRI）。认知同理心的两种测量方法（即RMET和IRI观点采择）与任何人格障碍特质分数均无关联。人格障碍特质总分与DSCT低分、IRI共情关注低分以及IRI个人痛苦高分显著相关，这表明这些测量方法存在剂量 - 反应关系。DSCT尤其与边缘型人格障碍相关，IRI共情关注与分裂样和自恋型人格障碍相关，IRI个人痛苦与回避型人格障碍相关。DSCT、IRI共情关注和IRI个人痛苦在人格障碍特质总分中所解释的方差比例分别为2.6%、2.3%和13.3%。人格障碍的症状学和严重程度与流体智力低下以及情感同理心降低有关，其特征为对他人情感表达的共情关注低和个人痛苦高。需要进一步研究来考察认知同理心与人格病理学之间的关联以及潜在的临床应用。
