Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2014 Mar;49(3):447-57. doi: 10.1007/s00127-013-0762-3.
To assess (1) the lifetime prevalence of exposure both to trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); (2) the risk of PTSD by type of trauma; and (3) the determinants of the development of PTSD in the community.
The Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies was administered to a random sample of an urban area (N = 3,691).
(1) The lifetime prevalence estimates of exposure to trauma and PTSD were 21.0 and 5.0%; respectively, with a twice as high prevalence of PTSD in women compared to men despite a similar likelihood of exposure in the two sexes; (2) Sexual abuse was the trauma involving the highest risk of PTSD; (3) The risk of PTSD was most strongly associated with sexual abuse followed by preexisting bipolar disorder, alcohol dependence, antisocial personality, childhood separation anxiety disorder, being victim of crime, witnessing violence, Neuroticism and Problem-focused coping strategies. After adjustment for these characteristics, female sex was no longer found to be significantly associated with the risk of PTSD.
The risk for the development of PTSD after exposure to traumatic events is associated with several factors including the type of exposure, preexisting psychopathology, personality features and coping strategies which independently contribute to the vulnerability to PTSD.
评估（1）一生中接触创伤和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的终生患病率；（2）不同类型创伤引发 PTSD 的风险；（3）社区中 PTSD 发病的决定因素。
对城市地区的随机样本（N=3691）进行遗传研究诊断访谈。
（1）创伤和 PTSD 的终生患病率估计分别为 21.0%和 5.0%；尽管两性接触的可能性相似，但女性 PTSD 的患病率是男性的两倍；（2）性虐待是 PTSD 风险最高的创伤；（3）PTSD 的风险与性虐待关系最密切，其次是既往双相情感障碍、酒精依赖、反社会人格、儿童分离焦虑障碍、犯罪受害者、目睹暴力、神经质和问题解决应对策略。在调整这些特征后，发现女性不再与 PTSD 发病风险显著相关。
暴露于创伤性事件后发生 PTSD 的风险与多种因素相关，包括暴露的类型、既往精神病理学、人格特征和应对策略，这些因素独立导致了 PTSD 的易感性。
