Novo Nordisk, Animal Unit, Maaloev, Denmark.
Lab Anim. 2013 Oct;47(4):225-40. doi: 10.1177/0023677213501659.
Fasting of mice is a common procedure performed in association with many different types of experiments mainly in order to reduce variability in investigatory parameters or to facilitate surgical procedures. However, the effects of fasting not directly related to the investigatory parameters are often ignored. The aim of this review is to present and summarize knowledge about the effects of fasting of mice to facilitate optimization of the fasting procedure for any given study and thereby maximize the scientific outcome and minimize the discomfort for the mice and hence ensure high animal welfare. The results are presented from a number of experimental studies, providing evidence for fasting-induced changes in hormone balance, body weight, metabolism, hepatic enzymes, cardiovascular parameters, body temperature and toxicological responses. A description of relevant normal behaviour and standard physiological parameters is given, concluding that mice are primarily nocturnal and consume two-thirds of their total food intake during the night. It is argued that overnight fasting of mice is not comparable with overnight fasting of humans because the mouse has a nocturnal circadian rhythm and a higher metabolic rate. It is suggested that because many physiological parameters are regulated by circadian rhythms, fasting initiated at different points in the circadian rhythm has different impacts and produces different results.
禁食是一种常见的操作，与许多不同类型的实验相关联，主要是为了减少研究参数的变异性或便于手术操作。然而，与研究参数无关的禁食的影响往往被忽视。本综述的目的是介绍和总结禁食对小鼠的影响，以促进任何特定研究中禁食程序的优化，从而最大限度地提高科学结果，减少小鼠的不适，并确保高水平的动物福利。这些结果来自一些实验研究，提供了证据表明禁食会引起激素平衡、体重、代谢、肝酶、心血管参数、体温和毒理学反应的变化。本文还描述了相关的正常行为和标准生理参数，得出的结论是，小鼠主要是夜间活动的，它们在夜间消耗三分之二的总食物摄入量。由于小鼠具有昼夜节律和更高的代谢率，因此人们认为小鼠的夜间禁食与人类的夜间禁食是不同的。有观点认为，由于许多生理参数受到昼夜节律的调节，因此在昼夜节律的不同时间点开始禁食会产生不同的影响和结果。
