Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Nephrology (Carlton). 2013 Dec;18(12):750-60. doi: 10.1111/nep.12159.
To evaluate the reliability of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for the detection of renal microvascular blood perfusion in a type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model.
Male GK and Wistar rats at the age of 4, 12 and 20 weeks (n=10, respectively) were used for the study. Real-time and haemodynamic imaging of the renal cortex was performed using CEUS with SonoVue. Outage time-intensity curves (TICs) were applied for the analysis of basic intensity, slope rates of the ascending (S1) and descending curves (S2), time to peak (TTP), half time of peak descending (HDT), peak intensity (PI), and total area under the curve (AUC). Immunohistochemical staining for endothelial cells (ECs) was performed using the CD34 monoclonal antibody for the quantification of microvessel density and distribution.
Images of the renal cortex microvascular beds after injection of SonoVue in the rats were rapidly and clearly displayed, and it is easy to differentiate the enhanced and faded images of renal perfusion. The TICs of the GK rats were much wider than the controls; however, no significant changes in PI were found in all aged rats. Ultrasonographic quantitative analysis revealed a decrease in S1 and S2, and an increase in TTP, HDT and AUC in the 12- and 20-week-old GK rats compared with the controls (P<0.05). Moreover, the 20-week-old GK rats had much lower glomerular density and smaller distribution area of CD34-positive ECs, which was in parallel with more severe proteinuria, GBM thickening, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial vascular damages (P<0.05). Interestingly, negative correlations between AUC and glomerular microvessel density or distribution were detected, respectively (P<0.05).
Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is a valid technique for the real-time and dynamic assessment of renal cortex microvascular perfusion and haemodynamic characterization in GK rats.
评估超声造影（CEUS）检测 2 型糖尿病 Goto-Kakizaki（GK）大鼠模型肾微血管血流灌注的可靠性。
使用 SonoVue 对 4、12 和 20 周龄雄性 GK 和 Wistar 大鼠进行实时和皮质血流动力学成像。应用时间-强度曲线（TIC）分析基础强度、上升曲线（S1）和下降曲线斜率（S2）、达峰时间（TTP）、下降半时间（HDT）、峰值强度（PI）和曲线下总面积（AUC）。使用 CD34 单克隆抗体进行内皮细胞（EC）免疫组织化学染色，以量化微血管密度和分布。
大鼠肾皮质微血管床注射 SonoVue 后的图像快速清晰显示，易于区分肾灌注的增强和消退图像。GK 大鼠的 TIC 比对照组宽得多；然而，所有年龄组大鼠的 PI 均无明显变化。超声定量分析显示，12 周和 20 周龄 GK 大鼠的 S1 和 S2 降低，TTP、HDT 和 AUC 增加，与对照组相比（P<0.05）。此外，20 周龄 GK 大鼠肾小球密度较低，CD34 阳性 ECs 的分布面积较小，与更严重的蛋白尿、GBM 增厚、肾小球硬化和间质血管损伤相一致（P<0.05）。有趣的是，AUC 与肾小球微血管密度或分布之间存在负相关（P<0.05）。
超声造影是一种实时、动态评估 GK 大鼠肾皮质微血管灌注和血流动力学特征的有效技术。
