Institute of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Erbertstr. 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
Ann Anat. 2013 Dec;195(6):570-80. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2013.07.003. Epub 2013 Aug 20.
Human back muscles have been classified as local stabilizers, global stabilizers and global mobilizers. This concept is supported by the distribution of slow and fast muscle fibres in quadrupedal mammals, but has not been evaluated for humans because detailed information on the fibre type composition of their perivertebral musculature is rare. Moreover, such information is derived from spot samples, which are assumed to be representative for the respective muscle. In accordance with the proposed classification, numerous studies in animals indicate great differences in the fibre distribution within and among the muscles due to fibre type regionalization. The aims of this study were to (1) qualitatively explore the applicability of the proposed functional classification for human back muscles by studying their fibre type composition and (2) evaluate the representativeness of spot sampling techniques. For this, the fibre type distribution of the whole lumbar perivertebral musculature of two male cadavers was investigated three-dimensionally using immunohistochemistry. Despite great local variations (e.g., among fascicles), all muscles were composed of about 50% slow and 50% fast fibres. Thus, contradicting the concepts of lumbar muscle function, no functional differentiation of the muscles was observed in our study of the muscle contractile properties. The great similarity in fibre composition among the muscles equips each muscle equally well for a broad range of tasks and therefore has the potential to allow for great functional versatility of the human back musculature. Spot samples do not prove to be representative for the whole muscle. The great intraspecific variability observed previously in single-spot samples is potentially misleading.
人类背部肌肉可分为局部稳定肌、整体稳定肌和整体活动肌。这一概念在四足哺乳动物的慢肌和快肌纤维分布中得到支持，但尚未在人类中进行评估，因为关于其椎旁肌肉纤维类型组成的详细信息很少。此外，此类信息来自于点状样本，这些样本被认为代表了各自的肌肉。根据提出的分类，动物的大量研究表明，由于纤维类型的区域化，肌肉内和肌肉间的纤维分布存在巨大差异。本研究的目的是（1）通过研究其纤维类型组成，定性探讨所提出的人类背部肌肉功能分类的适用性，以及（2）评估点状取样技术的代表性。为此，使用免疫组织化学技术对两名男性尸体的整个腰椎椎旁肌肉进行了三维纤维类型分布研究。尽管存在很大的局部差异（例如，在筋膜束之间），但所有肌肉均由约 50%的慢肌和 50%的快肌组成。因此，与腰椎肌肉功能的概念相矛盾的是，在我们对肌肉收缩特性的研究中，没有观察到肌肉的功能分化。肌肉之间纤维组成的巨大相似性使每块肌肉都能很好地适应广泛的任务，因此具有使人类背部肌肉具有很大功能多样性的潜力。点状样本不能证明对整个肌肉具有代表性。之前在单点样本中观察到的巨大种内变异性可能具有误导性。
