Fisher N M, Pendergast D R, Calkins E C
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1990 Sep;71(10):729-34.
Many neuromuscular diseases are associated with muscle weakness. Assessment of this weakness by manual muscle testing or with hand-held equipment has been criticized. Furthermore, muscle length influences peak force development. One hundred fifty-three female and 116 male asymptomatic subjects between the ages of 20 and 80 (approximately 20 per decade) were studied. Maximal strength of the quadriceps group was determined isometrically, on a specially designed bench, at 3 hip angles (45 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees of extension), which represent three rectus femoris muscle lengths. Maximal strength was observed at a hip angle of 180 degrees and did not decrease significantly from 20 to 50 years of age, although the values for the male and female subjects over 50 years were significantly decreased (approximately 15% per decade). The increase in strength as the muscle was lengthened from 45 degrees to 180 degrees hip angle was about 80% (of the force at 45 degrees) in 20-year-olds; strength decreased progressively with age to a value of approximately 50% in the 70-year-olds. This greater reduction in maximal strength at longer quadriceps muscle lengths has functional significance in rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and eventually, walking and standing.
许多神经肌肉疾病都与肌肉无力有关。通过徒手肌力测试或手持设备对这种无力进行评估受到了批评。此外，肌肉长度会影响最大力量的发展。对153名年龄在20至80岁之间的女性和116名男性无症状受试者（每十年约20人）进行了研究。在一个专门设计的长凳上，通过等长收缩测定股四头肌组在3个髋关节角度（伸展45度、90度和180度）下的最大力量，这三个角度分别代表股直肌的三种肌肉长度。在髋关节角度为180度时观察到最大力量，并且在20至50岁之间没有显著下降，尽管50岁以上的男性和女性受试者的数值显著下降（每十年约下降15%）。当肌肉从髋关节角度45度延长到180度时，20岁受试者的力量增加约为45度时力量的80%；随着年龄的增长，力量逐渐下降，70岁时降至约50%。在较长的股四头肌长度下最大力量的更大下降在从椅子上起身、爬楼梯以及最终行走和站立方面具有功能意义。
