Patton Lauren L
Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Room 467A, Brauer Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, USA.
Dent Clin North Am. 2013 Oct;57(4):673-98. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2013.07.005. Epub 2013 Aug 15.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated oral disease among people living with HIV infection includes oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, Kaposi sarcoma, oral warts, herpes simplex virus ulcers, major aphthous ulcers or ulcers not otherwise specified, HIV salivary gland disease, and atypical gingival and periodontal diseases. Diagnosis of some oral lesions is based on clinical appearance and behavior, whereas others require biopsy, culture, or imaging for definitive diagnosis. Management strategies including pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches are discussed in this article. Dentists also need to be cognizant of the potential oral side effects of HIV antiretroviral medications.
感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的人群中与HIV相关的口腔疾病包括口腔念珠菌病、口腔毛状白斑、卡波西肉瘤、口腔疣、单纯疱疹病毒溃疡、重型阿弗他溃疡或未另作说明的溃疡、HIV唾液腺疾病以及非典型牙龈和牙周疾病。某些口腔病变的诊断基于临床表现和症状，而其他病变则需要活检、培养或影像学检查以明确诊断。本文讨论了包括药物和非药物方法在内的管理策略。牙医还需要了解HIV抗逆转录病毒药物潜在的口腔副作用。
