Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia; Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia; Human Neuroimaging Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia.
Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia; Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Roanoke, Virginia.
Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Mar 15;75(6):435-48. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.08.008. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
Previously we showed that working memory training decreased the discounting of future rewards in stimulant addicts without affecting a go/no-go task. While a relationship between delay discounting and working memory is consistent with other studies, the unique brain regions of plausible causality between these two abilities have yet to be determined. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed on foci from studies of delay discounting (DD = 449), working memory (WM = 452), finger tapping (finger tapping = 450), and response inhibition (RI = 450). Activity maps from relatively less (finger tapping) and more (RI) demanding executive tasks were contrasted with maps of DD and WM. Overlap analysis identified unique functional coincidence between DD and WM. The anterior cingulate cortex was engaged by all tasks. Finger tapping largely engaged motor-related brain areas. In addition to motor-related areas, RI engaged frontal brain regions. The right lateral prefrontal cortex was engaged by RI, DD, and WM and was contrasted out of overlap maps. A functional cluster in the posterior portion of the left lateral prefrontal cortex emerged as the largest location of unique overlap between DD and WM. A portion of the left lateral prefrontal cortex is a unique location where delay discounting and working memory processes overlap in the brain. This area, therefore, represents a therapeutic target for improving behaviors that rely on the integration of the recent past with the foreseeable future.
此前，我们发现工作记忆训练可减少兴奋剂成瘾者对未来奖励的折扣，而不会影响到“go/no-go”任务。虽然延迟折扣与工作记忆之间的关系与其他研究一致，但这两种能力之间的因果关系的独特大脑区域尚未确定。对延迟折扣（DD=449）、工作记忆（WM=452）、手指敲击（finger tapping=450）和反应抑制（RI=450）研究的焦点进行了激活可能性估计荟萃分析。与 DD 和 WM 的活动图相比，对相对要求较低（finger tapping）和较高（RI）的执行任务的活动图进行了对比。重叠分析确定了 DD 和 WM 之间独特的功能一致性。所有任务都涉及前扣带皮层。手指敲击主要涉及与运动相关的大脑区域。除了与运动相关的区域外，RI 还涉及额叶大脑区域。RI、DD 和 WM 均涉及右侧外侧前额叶皮层，并将其从重叠图中排除。左外侧前额叶皮层后部的一个功能簇是 DD 和 WM 之间唯一重叠的最大位置。左外侧前额叶皮层的一部分是大脑中延迟折扣和工作记忆过程重叠的独特位置。因此，该区域代表了改善依赖于将过去与可预见的未来相结合的行为的治疗靶点。
