Archacka Karolina, Kowalski Kamil, Brzóska Edyta
Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa St., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland.
Postepy Biochem. 2013;59(2):205-18.
Satellite cells, localized in the niche between the membrane of muscle fiber and basal lamina that surrounds it, serve as a source of myoblasts that are necessary for both growth and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Apart from their ability to convert into myoblasts, satellite cells are also able to self-renew, thus, they meet requirements for tissue specific, unipotent stem cells. Recently conducted research revealed that population of satellite cells is heterogeneous. The article summarizes current information on biology and characteristics of satellite cells, and also describes models concerning mechanisms of self-renewal and differentiation of satellite cells. Experiments regarding in vitro differentiation of satellite cells into other cell types are also discussed. Moreover, other population of stem cells localized in the muscle are described in this review.
卫星细胞位于肌纤维膜和围绕其的基膜之间的微环境中，是成肌细胞的来源，而成肌细胞是骨骼肌生长和再生所必需的。除了能够转化为成肌细胞外，卫星细胞还能够自我更新，因此，它们符合组织特异性单能干细胞的要求。最近进行的研究表明，卫星细胞群体是异质性的。本文总结了关于卫星细胞生物学和特征的当前信息，还描述了有关卫星细胞自我更新和分化机制的模型。还讨论了关于卫星细胞体外分化为其他细胞类型的实验。此外，本综述还描述了位于肌肉中的其他干细胞群体。
