Young Jason B, Galante Joseph M, Sena Matthew J
J Spec Oper Med. 2013 Fall;13(3):92-97. doi: 10.55460/CEYD-3287.
Members of Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams routinely work in high-risk tactical situations. Awareness of the benefit of Tactical Emergency Medical Support (TEMS) is increasing but not uniformly emphasized.
To characterize the current regional state of tactical medicine and identify potential barriers to more widespread implementation.
A multiple-choice survey was administered to SWAT team leaders of 22 regional agencies in northern and central California. Questions focused on individual officer self-aid and buddy care training, the use and content of individual first aid kits (IFAKs), and the operational inclusion of a dedicated TEMS provider.
Respondents included city police (54%), local county sheriff (36%), state law enforcement (5%), and federal law enforcement (5%). RESULTS showed that 100% of respondents thought it was ?Very Important? for SWAT officers to understand the basics of self-aid and buddy care and to carry an IFAK, while only 71% of respondents indicated that team members actually carried an IFAK. In addition, 67% indicated that tourniquets were part of the IFAK, and 91% of surveyed team leaders thought it was ?Very Important? for teams to have a trained medic available onsite at callouts or high-risk warrant searches. Also, 59% of teams used an organic TEMS element.
The majority of SWAT team leaders recognize the benefit of basic Operator medical training and the importance of a TEMS program. Despite near 100% endorsement by unit-level leadership, a significant proportion of teams are lacking one of the key components including Operator IFAKs and/or tourniquets. Tactical team leaders, administrators, and providers should continue to promote adequate Operator training and equipment as well as formal TEMS support.
特种武器与战术（SWAT）小组的成员经常在高风险战术环境中执行任务。战术紧急医疗支持（TEMS）的益处正日益受到关注，但并未得到统一强调。
描述当前战术医学的区域现状，并确定更广泛实施的潜在障碍。
对加利福尼亚州北部和中部22个地区机构的SWAT小组成员进行了多项选择调查。问题集中在个人急救和同伴护理培训、个人急救包（IFAK）的使用和内容，以及专职TEMS提供者的行动参与情况。
受访者包括城市警察（54%）、当地县治安官（36%）、州执法人员（5%）和联邦执法人员（5%）。结果显示，100%的受访者认为SWAT小组成员了解自我急救和同伴护理的基本知识并携带IFAK“非常重要”，而只有71%的受访者表示小组成员实际携带了IFAK。此外，67%的受访者表示止血带是IFAK的一部分，91%的受访小队长认为在行动出动或高风险搜捕令执行时，小组有一名经过培训的医护人员随时待命“非常重要”。另外，59%的小组使用了内部的TEMS人员。
大多数SWAT小队长认识到基本的队员医疗培训的益处以及TEMS计划的重要性。尽管单位领导层几乎100%认可，但仍有很大比例的小组缺少关键组成部分之一，包括队员IFAK和/或止血带。战术小组组长、管理人员和提供者应继续推动充分的队员培训和装备以及正式的TEMS支持。
