Young Jason B, Sena Matthew J, Galante Joseph M
Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California.
Department of Surgery, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, California.
J Emerg Med. 2014 Jan;46(1):38-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.022. Epub 2013 Sep 29.
The benefits of Tactical Emergency Medical Support (TEMS) elements are providing injury prevention, immediate care of injuries, and medical augmentation of the success of dangerous law enforcement operations. TEMS is recognized by civilian Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) and various other law enforcement agencies around the country as a vital addition to such SWAT teams. The integration of specially trained TEMS personnel has become a key component of law enforcement special operations.
Our aim was to review the published literature to identify if there is a role for physicians within TEMS elements with regard to its establishment and progression, and to characterize the level of physician-specific support provided in the tactical environment for civilian tactical law enforcement teams.
Physician presence as part of TEMS elements is increasing in number and popularity as the realization of the benefits provided by such physicians has become more apparent. The inclusion of physicians as active and participating members of TEMS elements is a critical measure to be taken for tactical law enforcement units. Physicians provide an added level of medical expertise to TEMS elements in rural and urban settings compared with law enforcement personnel with medic training.
Physician involvement is an essential element of a successful TEMS program. There is a need for more physicians to become involved as TEMS personnel for specialized tactical teams to spread the time commitment and increase their availability to tactical units on a daily basis.
战术紧急医疗支持（TEMS）要素的益处包括预防伤害、对伤病进行即时救治以及增强危险执法行动成功的医疗保障。TEMS被民用特种武器与战术（SWAT）以及全国其他各类执法机构视为这类特警队的重要补充。训练有素的TEMS人员的融入已成为执法特种行动的关键组成部分。
我们的目的是回顾已发表的文献，以确定医生在TEMS要素的组建和发展中是否发挥作用，并描述在战术环境中为民用战术执法团队提供的特定医生支持的水平。
随着医生所带来的益处愈发明显，作为TEMS要素一部分的医生数量在增加，且越来越受欢迎。将医生纳入TEMS要素的积极参与成员是战术执法单位应采取的关键举措。与接受过医疗培训的执法人员相比，医生在农村和城市环境中为TEMS要素提供了更高水平的医学专业知识。
医生的参与是成功的TEMS计划的关键要素。需要更多医生作为TEMS人员参与到专门的战术团队中，以分散时间投入并增加他们日常为战术单位服务的可及性。
