Laillou Arnaud, Panagides Dora, Garrett Greg S, Moench-Pfanner Regina
Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), P.O. Box 55, Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
Food Nutr Bull. 2013 Jun;34(2 Suppl):S72-80. doi: 10.1177/15648265130342S109.
Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem worldwide, affecting approximately 190 million preschool-aged children and 19.1 million pregnant women. Fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A is an effective, low-cost technology to improve vitamin A intake.
To examine the potential contribution of fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A in Indonesia and Malaysia to increasing vitamin A consumption in these two countries and in countries to which oil is exported.
Detailed interviews were administered and a desk review was conducted. We also estimated potential vitamin A intakes from fortified vegetable oil.
Malaysia and Indonesia are two of the largest producers and exporters of vegetable oil. Fortification of vegetable oil in both countries has the potential to be used as a tool for control of vitamin A deficiency. Both countries have the capacity to export fortified vegetable oil. Vegetable oil fortified at a level of 45 IU/g could provide 18.8% of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for an Ethiopian woman, 30.9% and 46.9% of the EAR for a Bangladeshi child and woman, respectively, and 17.5% of the EAR for a Cambodian woman. Although concerns about obesity are valid, fortification of existing vegetable oil supplies does not promote overconsumption of oil but rather promotes consumption of vegetable oil of higher nutrient quality.
Fortifying vegetable oil on a large scale in Malaysia and Indonesia can reach millions of people globally, including children less than 5 years old. The levels of fortification used are far from reaching the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). Vegetable oil fortification has the potential to become a global public health intervention strategy.
维生素A缺乏是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响着约1.9亿学龄前儿童和1910万孕妇。植物油中添加维生素A是一种有效且低成本的提高维生素A摄入量的技术。
研究在印度尼西亚和马来西亚对植物油进行维生素A强化，对这两个国家以及植物油出口目的地国家维生素A摄入量增加的潜在贡献。
进行了详细访谈并开展了案头审查。我们还估算了强化植物油中潜在的维生素A摄入量。
马来西亚和印度尼西亚是植物油的两大生产国和出口国。两国对植物油进行强化都有潜力用作控制维生素A缺乏的手段。两国都有能力出口强化植物油。按45国际单位/克的水平强化的植物油可为埃塞俄比亚妇女提供估计平均需求量（EAR）的18.8%，为孟加拉国儿童和妇女分别提供EAR的30.9%和46.9%，为柬埔寨妇女提供EAR的17.5%。尽管对肥胖问题的担忧是合理的，但对现有植物油供应进行强化并不会促进油脂的过度消费，反而会促进消费营养质量更高的植物油。
在马来西亚和印度尼西亚大规模强化植物油能够惠及全球数百万人，包括5岁以下儿童。所采用的强化水平远未达到可耐受最高摄入量（UL）。植物油强化有潜力成为一项全球公共卫生干预策略。
