Environmental Engineering Program, School of Energy, Environmental, Biological, and Medical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 210012, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0012, USA.
Water Res. 2013 Nov 1;47(17):6457-66. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.026. Epub 2013 Sep 3.
This article characterizes, experimentally and theoretically, the transport and retention of engineered nanoparticles (NP) through sand filters at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) under realistic conditions. The transport of four commonly used NPs (ZnO, CeO2, TiO2, and Ag, with bare surfaces and coating agents) through filter beds filled with sands from either acid washed and calcined, freshly acquired filter media, and used filter media from active filter media, were investigated. The study was conducted using water obtained upstream of the sand filter at DWTP. The results have shown that capping agents have a determinant importance in the colloidal stability and transport of NPs through the different filter media. The presence of the biofilm in used filter media increased adsorption of NPs but its effects in retaining capped NPs was less significant. The data was used to build a mathematical model based on the advection-dispersion equation. The model was used to simulate the performance of a scale-up sand filter and the effects on filtration cycle of traditional sand filtration system used in DWTPs.
本文在实际条件下，通过实验和理论研究，描述了工程纳米颗粒（NP）在饮用水处理厂（DWTP）中的砂滤器中的传输和滞留特性。通过使用来自酸洗和煅烧、新获得的过滤介质以及活性过滤介质中使用的过滤介质的砂填充床，研究了四种常用的 NP（ZnO、CeO2、TiO2 和 Ag，具有裸露表面和涂层剂）的传输。该研究使用 DWTP 砂滤器上游获得的水进行。结果表明，封端剂对 NP 通过不同过滤介质的胶体稳定性和传输具有决定性的重要性。生物膜的存在增加了 NP 的吸附，但对保留封端 NP 的影响不那么显著。该数据用于建立基于对流-弥散方程的数学模型。该模型用于模拟规模化砂滤器的性能以及对 DWTP 中传统砂滤系统过滤周期的影响。
