Bedine M S
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Compr Ther. 1990 Jan;16(1):14-8.
Colorectal carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. The risk for colon carcinoma increases after the age of 40 years. Because there is a very significant familial incidence of colorectal carcinoma, this is a major group of individuals who should be screened. The vast majority of colorectal carcinomas are associated with adenomatous polyps of the large intestine. Colonoscopy is the best procedure available to evaluate those at risk; the double-contrast barium enema and flexible sigmoidoscopy also play a significant role in diagnosis. Screening for occult blood in the stool is presently the best tool to evaluate groups for potential colorectal lesions. Although there are still significant problems with occult blood testing, it can account for a definite decrease in morbidity and mortality from colorectal carcinoma.
结直肠癌是美国癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。结肠癌的风险在40岁以后会增加。由于结直肠癌有非常显著的家族发病率，这是应该接受筛查的主要人群。绝大多数结直肠癌与大肠腺瘤性息肉有关。结肠镜检查是评估高危人群的最佳方法；双重对比钡灌肠和可弯曲乙状结肠镜检查在诊断中也起着重要作用。目前，粪便潜血筛查是评估潜在结直肠病变人群的最佳工具。尽管潜血检测仍存在重大问题，但它确实可以降低结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率。
