Titcomb C L
Hawaii Med J. 1990 Jan;49(1):18, 20-2, 24.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in women of child-bearing age. Carcinoma of the breast, an estimated 135,000 new cases of which were diagnosed in the USA in 1988, is the most common cancer in American women. Malignant disease complicates 1 in 1,000 pregnancies, with breast cancer diagnosed in but 1 of 3,500. Conversely, only 1% to 3% of breast cancers are associated with pregnancy and the period of lactation (the latter defined as the period of 1 year postpartum). In his review of world medical literature from 1850 to 1950, White found in a total of 45,881 women with breast cancer, only 1,296 cases (2.8%) occurring in pregnancy. Indeed, the bulk of breast cancer is diagnosed in post-menopausal women. Of 31,594 cases reported to the Cancer Registry of Norway from 1955 to 1980, women aged 50 and older comprised 73%, whereas women under the age of 35, less than 2% of the total. Breast cancer becomes significant, however, among the subgroup of women of childbearing age. In the same series of 31,592 women, 10% of those less than 35 years of age were pregnant at the time of diagnosis and an additional 15% had given birth within the year prior to diagnosis.
癌症是育龄女性的第二大死因。乳腺癌是美国女性中最常见的癌症，1988年美国估计有135,000例新确诊病例。恶性疾病使每1000例妊娠复杂化，其中乳腺癌在3500例中仅诊断出1例。相反，只有1%至3%的乳腺癌与妊娠和哺乳期（后者定义为产后1年）有关。怀特在回顾1850年至1950年的世界医学文献时发现，在总共45,881例乳腺癌女性中，只有1296例（2.8%）发生在妊娠期。事实上，大多数乳腺癌是在绝经后女性中诊断出来的。在1955年至1980年向挪威癌症登记处报告的31,594例病例中，50岁及以上的女性占73%，而35岁以下的女性占总数的不到2%。然而，乳腺癌在育龄女性亚组中变得很重要。在同一系列的31,592名女性中，35岁以下的女性中有10%在诊断时怀孕，另有15%在诊断前一年内分娩。
