Li Ting-Liang, Xie Ying-He, Hong Jian-Ping, Feng Qian, Sun Cheng-Hong, Wang Zhi-Wei
College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2013 Jun;24(6):1601-8.
In 2009-2011, a field experiment was conducted in a rain-fed winter wheat field in Southern Shanxi of China to study the effects of different fertilization modes on the change characteristics of soil moisture and nitrate-N contents in 0-200 cm layer and of soil available phosphorus (Oslen-P) and potassium contents in 0-40 cm layer during summer fallow period (from June to September). Three fertilization modes were installed, i. e., conventional fertilization (CF), recommended fertilization (RF), and ridge film furrow planting (RFFP) combined with straw mulch. The results showed that the rainfall in summer fallow period could complement the consumed water in 0-200 cm soil layer in dryland wheat field throughout the growth season, and more than 94% of the water storage was in 0-140 cm soil layer, with the fallow efficiency ranged from 6% to 27%. The rainfall in summer fallow period caused the soil nitrate-N moving downward. 357-400 mm rainfall could make the soil nitrate-N leaching down to 100 cm soil layer, with the peak in 20-40 cm soil layer. Straw mulching or plastic film with straw mulch in summer fallow period could effectively increase the Oslen-P and available K contents in 0-40 cm soil layer, and the accumulative increment in three summer fallow periods was 16-45% and 36-49%, respectively. Among the three modes, the binary coverage mode of RFFP plus furrow straw mulching had the best effect in maintaining soil water and fertility. The accumulative water storage and mineral N in 0-200 cm soil layer in three summer fallow periods were up to 215 mm and 90 kg x hm(-2), and the accumulative Oslen-P and available K contents in plough layer were increased by 2.7 mg x kg(-1) and 83 mg x kg(-1), respectively, being significantly higher than those in treatments CF and RF. There were no significant differences in the change characteristics in the soil moisture and nutrients between treatments CF and RF.
2009—2011年，在中国山西南部的一个雨养冬小麦田进行了田间试验，以研究不同施肥模式对夏闲期（6月至9月）0—200 cm土层土壤水分和硝态氮含量以及0—40 cm土层土壤有效磷（ Olsen-P）和钾含量变化特征的影响。设置了3种施肥模式，即常规施肥（CF）、推荐施肥（RF）以及垄膜沟播（RFFP）结合秸秆覆盖。结果表明，夏闲期降雨能够补充旱地麦田整个生长季0—200 cm土层消耗的水分，且94%以上的储水位于0—140 cm土层，休闲效率为6%—27%。夏闲期降雨使土壤硝态氮向下移动。357—400 mm降雨可使土壤硝态氮淋溶至100 cm土层，峰值出现在20—40 cm土层。夏闲期秸秆覆盖或地膜加秸秆覆盖可有效增加0—40 cm土层 Olsen-P和速效钾含量，3个夏闲期累计增幅分别为16%—45%和36%—49%。3种模式中，RFFP加沟内秸秆覆盖的二元覆盖模式在保持土壤水分和肥力方面效果最佳。3个夏闲期0—200 cm土层累计储水量和矿质氮分别达215 mm和90 kg·hm-2，耕层 Olsen-P和速效钾累计含量分别增加2.7 mg·kg-1和83 mg·kg-1，显著高于CF和RF处理。CF和RF处理间土壤水分和养分变化特征差异不显著。
