Sack R B
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
Rev Infect Dis. 1990 Jan-Feb;12 Suppl 1:S59-63. doi: 10.1093/clinids/12.supplement_1.s59.
The microbiology of travelers' diarrhea has become reasonably well defined, although new bacterial agents are probably yet to be described. The most common etiologic agent, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), has been studied extensively and, because of the importance of this etiology, strategies for prevention and treatment of ETEC diarrhea with antimicrobial agents have been devised. The prevention of travelers' diarrhea by immunization will, to a large extent, depend on the development of vaccines against ETEC. Because the etiologic agents that cause travelers' diarrhea are the same ones (with the exception of rotavirus) that cause acute diarrhea in small children living in the developing world that tourists visit, any advances in prevention and treatment of diarrhea in travelers will be directly applicable to the worldwide problem of diarrhea in children, which is far more important on a global scale.
旅行者腹泻的微生物学已得到较为明确的界定，不过可能仍有新的细菌病原体有待发现。最常见的病原体，即产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC），已得到广泛研究，鉴于这种病因的重要性，已制定了使用抗菌药物预防和治疗ETEC腹泻的策略。通过免疫接种预防旅行者腹泻在很大程度上将取决于针对ETEC的疫苗研发。由于导致旅行者腹泻的病原体与游客前往的发展中国家生活的幼儿急性腹泻的病原体相同（轮状病毒除外），旅行者腹泻预防和治疗方面的任何进展都将直接适用于全球范围内更为重要的儿童腹泻问题。
