Duodecim. 2013;129(16):1730-1.
Suspicion of epilepsy is an indication for an urgent referral to a pediatric or child neurology care unit. Diagnosis of epilepsy is based on medical history and clinical examination, supplemented with EEG, brain imaging and laboratory tests. Antiepileptic medication is usually initiated after the second epileptic seizure. Drug choice is based on seizure type and epilepsy classification. Some children with epilepsy may benefit from ketogenic diet. Surgical treatment options should be considered in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Acute treatment for febrile seizures follows the same principles as treatment of epileptic seizures, but long-term preventive anticonvulsants are not recommended.
怀疑患有癫痫是紧急转诊至儿科或儿童神经科护理单元的指征。癫痫的诊断基于病史和临床检查，并辅以脑电图、脑部影像学检查和实验室检查。通常在第二次癫痫发作后开始使用抗癫痫药物。药物选择基于发作类型和癫痫分类。一些癫痫患儿可能从生酮饮食中获益。对于药物难治性癫痫患儿应考虑手术治疗方案。热性惊厥的急性治疗遵循与癫痫发作治疗相同的原则，但不建议长期预防性使用抗惊厥药物。
