Morris H H, Bodensteiner J B
J Fam Pract. 1980 Feb;10(2):305-15.
The current seizure classification recognizes two major categories, partial (focal) and generalized. Sublcasses of this system are determined by clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations of the seizures. Neonatal seizures are difficult to recognize and classify but require prompt and appropriate treatment for best results. Infantile spasms are important to recognize because of their grave prognosis and because they respond to steroid medications but not standard anticonvulsants. Febrile convulsions represent a continuing treatment controversy but have a good prognosis. The diagnosis of epilepsy is based on clinical history. Laboratory studies help classify the type of seizure and identify the etiology. The computerized tomography (CT) scan has simplified diagnostic evaluation. The extent of the evaluation must be adjusted to meet individual requirements. The choice of anticonvulsant is dependent on seizure type as well as the side effects and cost of the drug. Anticonvulsants have potential side effects which can be minimized by judicious dosage adjustments utilizing serum anticonvulsant levels when appropriate.
目前的癫痫发作分类认可两大主要类别，即部分性（局灶性）发作和全身性发作。该系统的亚类由癫痫发作的临床和脑电图表现决定。新生儿癫痫发作难以识别和分类，但为获得最佳效果需要迅速且恰当的治疗。婴儿痉挛症因其严重的预后以及对类固醇药物而非标准抗惊厥药有反应而需要识别。热性惊厥存在持续的治疗争议，但预后良好。癫痫的诊断基于临床病史。实验室检查有助于对癫痫发作类型进行分类并确定病因。计算机断层扫描（CT）简化了诊断评估。评估的范围必须根据个体需求进行调整。抗惊厥药的选择取决于癫痫发作类型以及药物的副作用和成本。抗惊厥药有潜在副作用，通过在适当的时候利用血清抗惊厥药水平进行明智的剂量调整可将副作用降至最低。
