Schweigert Michael, Dubecz Attila, Solymosi Norbert, Ofner Dietmar, Stein Hubert J
Department of General and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Nuernberg Nord, Nuernberg, Germany.
Am Surg. 2013 Sep;79(9):902-8.
Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is a rare devastating condition, which was first described by Herman Boerhaave in 1724. Only a handful of cases were recorded during the 18th and 19th centuries. Diagnosis was usually obtained on autopsy. Only in 1914 Irving Walker achieved the first antemortem diagnosis of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. The dawn of thoracic surgery during the first decades of the 20th century opened up the way for operative cure. More than 200 years after Boerhaave's initial report, Barrett as well as Clagett and Olsen independently accomplished the first successful surgical treatment by primary repair of the esophageal lesion in 1947. Since those pioneer days, various suggestions for proper treatment have been made ranging from conservative, nonoperative means to extended procedures such as esophagectomy. Invention of minimally invasive surgery and endoscopic measures has further broadened the spectrum of available therapeutic options. The aim of this history article is to outline the development of diagnosis and management of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus from the age of Herman Boerhaave to the present times.
食管自发性破裂是一种罕见的严重疾病，由赫尔曼·布尔哈夫于1724年首次描述。在18世纪和19世纪，仅有少数病例被记录。诊断通常在尸检时获得。直到1914年，欧文·沃克才首次在生前诊断出食管自发性破裂。20世纪头几十年胸外科手术的兴起为手术治疗开辟了道路。在布尔哈夫首次报告200多年后，1947年，巴雷特以及克拉格特和奥尔森分别独立完成了首例通过对食管病变进行一期修复的成功手术治疗。自那些开拓性的日子以来，人们提出了各种适当治疗的建议，从保守的非手术方法到诸如食管切除术等扩大手术。微创手术和内镜措施的发明进一步拓宽了可用治疗选择的范围。这篇历史文章的目的是概述从赫尔曼·布尔哈夫时代到现在食管自发性破裂的诊断和治疗的发展历程。
