Menitove J E
Blood Center of Southeastern Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53233.
Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990 Mar;114(3):330-4.
The procedures designed to minimize the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission through transfusion include donor self-exclusion, health history questions, confidential unit exclusion, donor call back to withdraw donation, and HIV antibody testing. Each step is important for reducing the number of units collected from donors who are at risk for HIV infection. Although HIV antibody test kit sensitivity exceeds 99%, recently infected persons who are in the "window" between infection and seroconversion are not detected. "Worst scenario" estimates indicate that 1 of 36,000 to 1 of 300,000 components may be collected from donors who have false-negative test results. Since some risk of infection transmission remains, physicians must prescribe transfusion therapy only when the benefit outweighs the potential risk.
旨在将通过输血传播人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险降至最低的程序包括献血者自我排除、健康史询问、保密单位排除、召回献血者以撤回献血以及HIV抗体检测。每一步对于减少从有HIV感染风险的献血者采集的单位数量都很重要。尽管HIV抗体检测试剂盒的灵敏度超过99%，但处于感染与血清转化之间“窗口期”的近期感染者无法被检测出来。“最坏情况”估计表明，每36000至300000个成分中可能有1个是从检测结果为假阴性的献血者那里采集的。由于感染传播的风险仍然存在，医生必须仅在益处大于潜在风险时才开输血治疗的处方。
