Brunerová L, Anděl M
Vnitr Lek. 2013 Sep;59(9):808-17.
The review article summarizes a very complex process of appetite regulation: the part focused on homeostatic regulation of food intake. The aim of homeostatic regulation is to achieve energy balance, stabile weight and optimal nutrient intake, in contrast to hedonic regulation of food intake, in which emotional and motivational factors are involved. Homeostatic regulation could be divided into shortterm and longterm regulation and comprises mainly gastrointestinal peptides, fat tissue hormones and central mechanisms localized in hypothalamus. It is a resultant of the action of orexigenic factors (increasing appetite and food intake) and anorexigenic factors (decreasing appetite and thus food intake), respectively. The anorexigenic factors include gastrointestinal peptides (e.g. cholecystokinin, glucagonlike peptide 1, bombesin, peptide YY and others), hormone of fat tissue leptin and centrally acting melanocortin system. On the contrary, orexigenic factors comprise of gastric ghrelin and centrally acting system of neuropeptide Y/ Agoutirelated peptide. Understanding the principles of the regulation of food intake is essential for comprehension of pathogenesis of eating disorders and obesity, whose prevalence has been recently increasing, and it provides potential targets for pharmacological interventions.
专注于食物摄入稳态调节的部分。稳态调节的目的是实现能量平衡、稳定体重和最佳营养摄入，这与涉及情感和动机因素的食物摄入享乐调节形成对比。稳态调节可分为短期和长期调节，主要包括胃肠肽、脂肪组织激素以及位于下丘脑的中枢机制。它分别是促食欲因子（增加食欲和食物摄入量）和抑食欲因子（降低食欲从而减少食物摄入量）作用的结果。抑食欲因子包括胃肠肽（如胆囊收缩素、胰高血糖素样肽1、蛙皮素、肽YY等）、脂肪组织激素瘦素以及中枢作用的黑皮质素系统。相反，促食欲因子包括胃饥饿素以及中枢作用的神经肽Y/刺鼠相关肽系统。了解食物摄入调节的原理对于理解饮食失调和肥胖的发病机制至关重要，饮食失调和肥胖的患病率最近一直在上升，并且它为药物干预提供了潜在靶点。
