INSERM U995, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France; CIC-PT-9301-INSERM-CH&U, University Hospital, Lille, France.
Prev Med. 2013 Dec;57(6):844-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.09.015. Epub 2013 Sep 25.
To assess the association between the built environment and physical fitness and physical activity in adolescents.
The study included 3528 adolescents, aged 12.5-17.5 years, who participated in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. The health-related physical fitness components were assessed using the physical fitness tests. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer (ActiGraph®) for 7 days to measure physical activity. A specific questionnaire addressing the built environment was used. Potential confounding factors including age, gender, body mass index, body composition, pubertal status, smoking, educational level of parents, and socioeconomic status were analyzed using backward stepwise linear regression analysis.
Heavy traffic in the neighborhood was the strongest factor negatively associated with both physical fitness and physical activity (both P<0.05). Conversely, a secure bicycling or walking route from home to school was positively associated with various components of physical fitness and physical activity (P<0.01). Outdoor fields and gymnasiums near home were also associated with better physical fitness (P<0.01), but not with physical activity.
A favorable built environment may contribute to health-related physical fitness and physical activity of adolescents and should be considered in future interventions and health promotion strategies.
评估青少年的建成环境与体质和身体活动之间的关联。
本研究纳入了 3528 名 12.5-17.5 岁的青少年，他们参加了欧洲青少年营养与健康生活方式（HELENA）研究。使用体质测试评估与健康相关的体质健康指标。参与者佩戴单轴加速度计（ActiGraph®）进行 7 天的身体活动测量。使用特定的调查问卷来评估建成环境。使用逐步后退线性回归分析，分析了包括年龄、性别、体重指数、身体成分、青春期状态、吸烟、父母的教育水平和社会经济地位在内的潜在混杂因素。
邻里间交通繁忙是与体质和身体活动均呈负相关的最强因素（均 P<0.05）。相反，从家到学校有安全的自行车或步行路线与体质健康的各个组成部分和身体活动呈正相关（P<0.01）。家附近的户外场地和体育馆也与更好的体质健康相关（P<0.01），但与身体活动无关。
有利的建成环境可能有助于青少年的健康相关体质和身体活动，应该在未来的干预和健康促进策略中加以考虑。
