CSIRO Land and Water, Advanced Materials Transformational Capability Platform-Nanosafety, Contaminant Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Program, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia.
J Hazard Mater. 2013 Nov 15;262:496-503. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.08.021. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
Owing of their wide-range of commercial applications, fullerene (C60) nanoparticles, are likely to reach environments through the application of treated sludge (biosolids) from wastewater treatment plants to soils. We examined the release behaviour of C60 from contaminated biosolids added to soils with varying physicochemical characteristics. Incubation studies were carried out in the dark for up to 24 weeks, by adding biosolids spiked (1.5mg/kg) with three forms of C60 (suspended in water, in humic acid, and precipitated/particulate) to six contrasting soils. Leaching of different biosolids+soil systems showed that only small fractions of C60 (<5% of applied amount) were released, depending on incubation time and soil properties (particularly dissolved organic carbon content). Release of C60 from unamended soils was greater (at least twice as much) than from biosolids-amended soils. The form of C60 used to spike the biosolids had no significant effect on the release of C60 from the different systems. Contact time of C60 in these systems only slightly increased the apparent release up to 8 weeks, followed by a decrease to 24 weeks. Mass balance analysis at the completion of the experiment revealed that 20-60% of the initial C60 applied could not be accounted for in these systems; the reasons for this are discussed.
由于其广泛的商业应用，富勒烯（C60）纳米粒子可能会通过将污水处理厂的处理污泥（生物固体）应用于土壤而进入环境。我们研究了添加到具有不同物理化学特性的土壤中的受污染生物固体中 C60 的释放行为。在黑暗中进行了长达 24 周的孵化研究，通过向六种不同的土壤中添加（1.5mg/kg）三种形式的 C60（悬浮在水中、腐殖酸中、沉淀/颗粒状）来进行生物固体的孵化研究。不同生物固体+土壤系统的浸出表明，只有一小部分 C60（<应用量的 5%）被释放，这取决于孵化时间和土壤特性（特别是溶解有机碳含量）。未添加 C60 的土壤的释放量（至少是添加 C60 的生物固体土壤的两倍）大于添加 C60 的生物固体土壤。用于生物固体的 C60 的形式对不同系统中 C60 的释放没有显著影响。在这些系统中，C60 的接触时间仅略微增加了前 8 周的表观释放量，随后在 24 周时减少。实验结束时的质量平衡分析表明，在这些系统中，最初应用的 C60 的 20-60%无法解释；对此进行了讨论。
