Di Nicola Marco, Sala Loretta, Romo Lucia, Catalano Valeria, Even Christian, Dubertret Caroline, Martinotti Giovanni, Camardese Giovanni, Mazza Marianna, Tedeschi Daniela, Callea Antonino, De Risio Luisa, Guelfi Julien Daniel, Rouillon Frederic, Janiri Luigi, Gorwood Philip
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2014 Aug;264(5):391-400. doi: 10.1007/s00406-013-0456-6.
A significant comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and affective disorders has been consistently reported in adults. Less data regarding the role of personality traits and the influence of ADHD co-occurrence on clinical characteristics and outcome of mood disorders are currently available. One hundred and six remitted major depressed, 102 euthymic bipolar subjects, and 120 healthy controls, homogeneous with respect to demographic characteristics, were included in the study. ADHD diagnosis was based on DSM-IV-TR criteria. Childhood and adult ADHD features were measured with the Wender Utah Rating Scale, the Adult ADHD Self-rating Scale, and the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory was also administered to the clinical groups, in order to investigate personality dimensions. The occurrence of adult ADHD in subjects with bipolar disorders (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) was 15.7 and 7.5 %, respectively, compared to 3.3 % in healthy controls (HC). Significant associations (p < .001) between personality traits (neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion) and ADHD features were observed. Logistic regression analysis of all clinical subjects (n = 208) showed that those with lower levels of neuroticism (OR = 1.031; p = .025) had a lower frequency of ADHD comorbidity. The present study emphasizes the close relationship between affective disorders, especially BD, and ADHD in adults. Our findings support the need to assess subjects with mood disorders in the clinical setting for possible coexisting ADHD and to further investigate personality traits to better understand the etiology of affective disorders and ADHD co-occurrence.
成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）与情感障碍之间存在显著共病情况，这一现象已被持续报道。目前，关于人格特质的作用以及ADHD共病对心境障碍临床特征和结局的影响的数据较少。本研究纳入了106名缓解期重度抑郁症患者、102名心境正常的双相情感障碍患者以及120名健康对照者，这些参与者在人口统计学特征方面具有同质性。ADHD诊断基于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版修订版（DSM-IV-TR）标准。采用温德犹他评定量表、成人ADHD自评量表以及布朗注意力缺陷障碍量表对儿童期和成人期的ADHD特征进行测量。为了研究人格维度，还对临床组进行了修订版大五人格问卷测试。双相情感障碍（BD）或重度抑郁症（MDD）患者中成人ADHD的发生率分别为15.7%和7.5%，而健康对照者（HC）中的发生率为3.3%。研究观察到人格特质（神经质、尽责性和外向性）与ADHD特征之间存在显著关联（p < .001）。对所有临床受试者（n = 208）进行的逻辑回归分析表明，神经质水平较低的受试者（OR = 1.031；p = .025）ADHD共病的频率较低。本研究强调了成人情感障碍，尤其是BD，与ADHD之间的密切关系。我们的研究结果支持在临床环境中对心境障碍患者评估是否可能并存ADHD，并进一步研究人格特质，以更好地理解情感障碍和ADHD共病的病因。
