Jacobsson Peter, Hopwood Christopher J, Söderpalm Bo, Nilsson Thomas
The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Psychiatry Halland, Region Halland, Sweden.
BMC Psychiatry. 2021 Jun 1;21(1):282. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03284-1.
ADHD is a highly consequential disorder that is estimated to affect 2.5% of the adult population. Emerging models of psychopathology posit that disorders like ADHD can be usefully situated within general models of individual differences in personality, such as those recently implemented in the DSM and ICD for the diagnosis of personality disorder. Previous research and systematic reviews have linked adult ADHD to the personality traits Conscientious Inhibition and Negative Emotionality. However, there have been some inconsistencies in the literature and research embedding ADHD-personality connections in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder models has been limited. The goal of this paper was to systematically review associations between adult ADHD and personality traits, organized within a maladaptive five factor framework.
A comprehensive literature search yielded 13 papers whose effects were meta-analyzed.
Results supported associations between ADHD and low Conscientious Inhibition and high Negative Emotionality. However, interesting patterns of variability were observed, potentially related to issues such as instrumentation and facet variation.
Results support the clinical application of personality assessment for suggesting risk for ADHD symptoms, and point to important directions for further research.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种后果严重的疾病，据估计影响着2.5%的成年人口。新兴的精神病理学模型认为，像ADHD这样的疾病可以有效地纳入人格个体差异的一般模型中，例如最近在《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（DSM）和《国际疾病分类》（ICD）中用于诊断人格障碍的模型。先前的研究和系统评价已将成人ADHD与尽责抑制和负性情绪等人格特质联系起来。然而，文献中存在一些不一致之处，并且将ADHD与人格的联系纳入DSM-5和ICD-11人格障碍模型的研究有限。本文的目的是在一个适应不良的五因素框架内，系统地综述成人ADHD与人格特质之间的关联。
全面的文献检索产生了13篇论文，对其结果进行了荟萃分析。
结果支持ADHD与低尽责抑制和高负性情绪之间的关联。然而，观察到了有趣的变异模式，可能与测量工具和层面变异等问题有关。
结果支持人格评估在提示ADHD症状风险方面的临床应用，并指出了进一步研究的重要方向。
