Hosaka Fumio, Katori Yukio, Kawase Tetsuaki, Fujimiya Mineko, Ohguro Hiroshi
Anat Sci Int. 2014 Mar;89(2):101-11. doi: 10.1007/s12565-013-0205-y.
The autonomic nerve supply of skeletal muscle has become a focus of interest because it is closely related to the adaptation of energy metabolism with aging. We have performed an immunohistochemistry study on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) using specimens obtained from ten selected elderly cadavers (mean age 83.3 years) in which we examined muscle-innervating nerves (abbreviated ‘‘muscle-nerves’’ hereafter) of ten striated muscles (soleus, infraspinatus, extra-ocular inferior rectus, lateral rectus, superior obliquus, temporalis, orbicularis oculi, posterior cricoarytenoideus, trapezius and genioglossus) and, as a positive control, the submandibular ganglion. We found that the extra-ocular muscles received no or very few TH-positive nerve fibers. Muscle-nerves to the other head and neck muscles contained a few or several TH-positive fibers per section, but their density (proportional area of TH-positive fibers per nerve cross-section) was one-half to one-third of that in nerves to the soleus or infraspinatus. We did not find nNOS-positive fibers in any of these muscle-nerves. In the head and neck muscles, with the exception of those of the tongue, there appeared to be very few TH-positive nerve fibers along the feeding artery. Consequently, the head and neck muscles seemed to receive much fewer sympathetic nerves than limb muscles. There was no evidence that nNOS-positive nerves contributed to vasodilation of feeding arteries in striated muscles. This site-dependent difference in sympathetic innervation would reflect its commitment to muscle activity. However, we did not find any rules determining the density of nerves according to muscle fiber type and the mode of muscle activity.
骨骼肌的自主神经供应已成为研究热点，因为它与衰老过程中能量代谢的适应性密切相关。我们对酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）和神经元型一氧化氮合酶（nNOS）进行了免疫组织化学研究，使用的标本取自十具选定的老年尸体（平均年龄83.3岁），我们检查了十块横纹肌（比目鱼肌、冈下肌、眼外下直肌、外直肌、上斜肌、颞肌、眼轮匝肌、环杓后肌、斜方肌和颏舌肌）的肌肉支配神经（以下简称“肌神经”），并将下颌下神经节作为阳性对照。我们发现眼外肌没有或仅有极少的TH阳性神经纤维。其他头颈部肌肉的肌神经每切片含有少量或数条TH阳性纤维，但其密度（每条神经横截面积中TH阳性纤维的比例面积）仅为比目鱼肌或冈下肌神经的二分之一至三分之一。我们在这些肌神经中均未发现nNOS阳性纤维。在头颈部肌肉中，除舌肌外，沿供血动脉似乎极少有TH阳性神经纤维。因此，头颈部肌肉接受的交感神经似乎比肢体肌肉少得多。没有证据表明nNOS阳性神经参与了横纹肌供血动脉的血管舒张。交感神经支配的这种部位依赖性差异可能反映了其对肌肉活动的作用。然而，我们并未发现根据肌纤维类型和肌肉活动模式来确定神经密度的规律。
