Biza Mohamed, Mossie Andualem, Woldemichael Kifle, Gelaw Yeshigeta
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia.
Ethiop Med J. 2013 Apr;51(2):123-32.
Vision play a vital role in driving where good and efficient visual functioning of the driver is essential. Any significant loss of visual function will diminish a driver's ability to operate a motor vehicle safely and will thus contribute to road traffic injury. However, there is little evidence indicating that defects of vision alone cause road traffic accidents.
To determine the impact of visual impairment and other factors on road traffic accident among vehicle drivers.
A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 249 sampled drivers in Southwest Ethiopia. A pretested interviewer led questionnaire was used for interview and vision tests were done using Snellen's acuity chart and Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic plates. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 16.0.
The mean age of drivers was 33.6 years (SD +/- 10.3). The relative frequency of self reported road traffic accident was 15.3%. The prevalence of uncorrected binocular visual impairment was 1.6% and there was a significant association between visual impairment and road traffic accident (P < 0.05). Uncorrected refractive error was seen in 7.6% and 8.8% of drivers in the right and left eyes respectively, and 3.2% of them had vision less than what is required to obtain driving license (visual acuity of 6/12). None of the drivers with refractive errors were wearing appropriate corrections. Color vision impairment was seen in 1.6% of the drivers. A significant proportion (9.6%) of the drivers did not have eye exam for their driving license.
Uncorrected binocular visual impairment was strongly associated with road traffic accident. There is need for consistent inspection and screening, strict rules and regulations of licensing and health education for drivers to minimize road traffic accident.
视觉在驾驶中起着至关重要的作用，良好且高效的视觉功能对于驾驶员而言必不可少。任何显著的视觉功能丧失都会削弱驾驶员安全操作机动车的能力，进而导致道路交通事故。然而，几乎没有证据表明单纯的视力缺陷会引发道路交通事故。
确定视力损害及其他因素对机动车驾驶员道路交通事故的影响。
对埃塞俄比亚西南部249名抽样驾驶员进行了一项横断面描述性研究。采用经过预测试的访谈式问卷进行访谈，并使用斯内伦视力表和石原氏假同色图进行视力测试。使用SPSS 16.0版进行统计分析。
驾驶员的平均年龄为33.6岁（标准差±10.3）。自我报告的道路交通事故相对发生率为15.3%。未矫正的双眼视力损害患病率为1.6%，视力损害与道路交通事故之间存在显著关联（P<0.05）。右眼和左眼未矫正屈光不正的驾驶员分别占7.6%和8.8%，其中3.2%的人视力低于获得驾驶执照所需的视力（视力为6/12）。所有屈光不正的驾驶员均未佩戴合适的矫正眼镜。1.6%的驾驶员存在色觉损害。相当一部分（9.6%）驾驶员在获取驾驶执照时未进行眼部检查。
未矫正的双眼视力损害与道路交通事故密切相关。需要对驾驶员进行持续的检查和筛查，制定严格的许可规章制度并开展健康教育，以尽量减少道路交通事故。
