Mørland B, Mørland H
Norges allmennvitenskapelige forskningsråd, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1990 Feb 10;110(4):490-3.
For many years, chronic alcoholism has been associated with increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. This report reviews some of the current knowledge on this topic. Lung infections in particular occur frequently among alcoholics. Alcohol has been shown experimentally to inhibit many aspects of our defense mechanisms against infections. These mechanisms include unspecific external defense mechanisms such as mucociliary clearance and glottic reflexes. Reduced phagocytic functions have also been demonstrated, reflected in reduced reticuloendothelial clearance, and, in addition, proliferative responses of immunocompetent T-cells. Most studies have been carried out on individuals with a serious drinking problem, in most cases alcoholics. We still know little about the effect of a single large intake of alcohol, or of moderate alcohol consumption, on infections among normal individuals.
多年来，慢性酒精中毒一直与传染病易感性增加有关。本报告回顾了关于该主题的一些现有知识。特别是肺部感染在酗酒者中很常见。实验表明，酒精会抑制我们抗感染防御机制的许多方面。这些机制包括非特异性外部防御机制，如黏液纤毛清除和声门反射。吞噬功能降低也已得到证实，表现为网状内皮系统清除功能降低，此外，还表现为免疫活性T细胞的增殖反应。大多数研究是在有严重饮酒问题的个体中进行的，在大多数情况下是酗酒者。我们对单次大量饮酒或适度饮酒对正常个体感染的影响仍然知之甚少。
