CRC Evolution of Social Behavior, University of Göttingen, , Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Biol Lett. 2013 Oct 2;9(5):20130680. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0680. Print 2013 Oct 23.
Models of social conflict in animal societies generally assume that within-group conflict reduces the value of a communal resource. For many animals, however, the primary cost of conflict is increased mortality. We develop a simple inclusive fitness model of social conflict that takes this cost into account. We show that longevity substantially reduces the level of within-group conflict, which can lead to the evolution of peaceful animal societies if relatedness among group members is high. By contrast, peaceful outcomes are never possible in models where the primary cost of social conflict is resource depletion. Incorporating mortality costs into models of social conflict can explain why many animal societies are so remarkably peaceful despite great potential for conflict.
动物社会中的社会冲突模型通常假定群体内的冲突会降低公共资源的价值。然而，对于许多动物来说，冲突的主要代价是死亡率增加。我们提出了一个简单的包容性适合度模型来考虑这种成本。我们表明，长寿大大降低了群体内冲突的水平，如果群体成员之间的亲缘关系很高，这可能导致动物社会的和平进化。相比之下，如果社会冲突的主要代价是资源枯竭，那么和平的结果在模型中是永远不可能出现的。将死亡率成本纳入社会冲突模型可以解释为什么尽管存在巨大的冲突潜力，但许多动物社会却如此显著地和平。
