Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, United Kingdom.
J Neurosci. 2013 Oct 2;33(40):15810-4. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4236-12.2013.
Risk is a ubiquitous feature of life. It plays an important role in economic decisions by affecting subjective reward value. Informed decisions require accurate risk information for each choice option. However, risk is often not constant but changes dynamically in the environment. Therefore, risk information should be updated to the current risk level. Potential mechanisms involve error-driven updating, whereby differences between current and predicted risk levels (risk prediction errors) are used to obtain currently accurate risk predictions. As a major reward structure, the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in coding key reward parameters such as reward value and risk. In this study, monkeys viewed different visual stimuli indicating specific levels of risk that deviated from the overall risk predicted by a common earlier stimulus. A group of orbitofrontal neurons displayed a risk signal that tracked the discrepancy between current and predicted risk. Such neuronal signals may be involved in the updating of risk information.
风险是生活中无处不在的特征。它通过影响主观奖励价值在经济决策中起着重要作用。明智的决策需要为每个选择选项提供准确的风险信息。然而，风险通常不是恒定的，而是在环境中动态变化的。因此，风险信息应该更新到当前的风险水平。潜在的机制涉及错误驱动的更新，即当前和预测的风险水平之间的差异（风险预测误差）用于获得当前准确的风险预测。作为一种主要的奖励结构，眶额皮层参与编码关键的奖励参数，如奖励价值和风险。在这项研究中，猴子观看了不同的视觉刺激，这些刺激表示特定的风险水平，与先前常见刺激所预测的整体风险偏差。一群眶额神经元显示出风险信号，该信号跟踪当前和预测风险之间的差异。这种神经元信号可能参与了风险信息的更新。
