Pernow B
J Immunol. 1985 Aug;135(2 Suppl):812s-815s.
Recent observations on the distribution, release, and biologic properties of neuropeptides connected to sensory neurons have added new information about the mechanism of hyperemia, plasma extravasation, and increase in smooth muscle tone induced by sensory nerve stimulation and by mechanical, physical, or chemical stimuli. To date, Substance P (SP) is the best characterized of these peptides. Using the skin, eye, and respiratory tract as experimental models, it has been shown that: 1) SP is widely distributed in primary sensory neurons as well as in afferent sensory fibers in the vagus, 2) SP is released from sensory nerve terminals during antidromic stimulation, 3) local administration of SP mimics the effect of sensory nerve stimulation, and 4) hyperemia, plasma leakage, and smooth muscle contractions, normally induced by nerve stimulation or noxious stimuli, are absent in tissues pretreated with the SP depleting agent capsaicin or with SP antagonists. These findings indicate that peptidergic nerve fibers are involved in the local regulation of blood flow, vascular permeability, and the tone of smooth muscles. In addition, they give new insights in the pathophysiology of hyperreactive disorders and neurogenic inflammation.
近期关于与感觉神经元相关的神经肽的分布、释放及生物学特性的观察，为感觉神经刺激以及机械、物理或化学刺激所引发的充血、血浆外渗和平滑肌张力增加的机制增添了新信息。迄今为止，P物质（SP）是这些肽中特征描述最为详尽的。以皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道作为实验模型，研究表明：1）SP广泛分布于初级感觉神经元以及迷走神经的传入感觉纤维中；2）在逆向刺激过程中，SP从感觉神经末梢释放；3）局部施用SP可模拟感觉神经刺激的效果；4）在用SP耗竭剂辣椒素或SP拮抗剂预处理的组织中，通常由神经刺激或有害刺激诱导的充血、血浆渗漏和平滑肌收缩并不出现。这些发现表明，肽能神经纤维参与了局部血流、血管通透性和平滑肌张力的调节。此外，它们为高反应性疾病和神经源性炎症的病理生理学提供了新的见解。
