Joos G, Kips J, Pauwels R, Van der Straeten M
Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1986;144:107-36.
Several peptides have been localised to pulmonary nerves and endocrine cells. The neuropeptides vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and substance P have potent effects on the airway smooth muscle, bronchial glands and blood vessels. There is increasing evidence that VIP and substance P are neurotransmitters of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nervous (NANC) system. Non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves are the predominant inhibitory nervous system of the human airways. The presence of VIP in the innervation of the airways and the demonstration that it can mimick the effect of NANC nerve stimulation supports the hypothesis that it could be a mediator of the NANC system in the lungs. Sensory nerve fibers containing substance P can contribute to the smooth muscle contraction and mucosal oedema seen in asthma, by local axon reflexes that are initiated by noxious stimuli, such as for example cigarette smoke. A rat model for study of the bronchial reaction to substance P and related tachykinins, is described. In addition to a direct effect on airway smooth muscle, a large part of the broncho-constrictory actions of tachykinins in the rat is mediated by interaction with cholinergic nerves.
几种肽已被定位到肺神经和内分泌细胞。神经肽血管活性肠肽（VIP）和P物质对气道平滑肌、支气管腺体和血管有显著作用。越来越多的证据表明，VIP和P物质是非肾上腺素能、非胆碱能神经（NANC）系统的神经递质。非肾上腺素能抑制神经是人类气道主要的抑制神经系统。气道神经支配中存在VIP，且证明它能模拟NANC神经刺激的效应，这支持了它可能是肺部NANC系统介质的假说。含有P物质的感觉神经纤维可通过由有害刺激（如香烟烟雾）引发的局部轴突反射，导致哮喘中出现的平滑肌收缩和黏膜水肿。本文描述了一种用于研究支气管对P物质和相关速激肽反应的大鼠模型。除了对气道平滑肌有直接作用外，速激肽在大鼠中的大部分支气管收缩作用是通过与胆碱能神经相互作用介导的。
