Vanhoutte P M, Miller V M
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1985;7 Suppl 3:S12-23. doi: 10.1097/00005344-198500073-00002.
A number of naturally occurring substances can evoke endothelium-dependent responses in isolated blood vessels. In most arteries studied, acetylcholine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), arachidonic acid, bradykinin, and thrombin cause endothelium-dependent relaxations. In veins, however, the endothelium-dependent inhibitory effect of acetylcholine, ATP, and thrombin often is transient and/or modest, as it is masked by the direct stimulating action of these substances on the venous smooth muscle; arachidonic acid evokes endothelium-dependent augmentation of the contractile response to norepinephrine. Aggregating platelets cause an endothelium-dependent relaxation of certain but not all arteries and veins that is probably mediated by released serotonin and ADP. The endothelium of the coronary artery may enhance the relaxations caused by catecholamines. Vasopressin causes endothelium-dependent relaxations in cerebral and coronary arteries but not in systemic blood vessels. Hypoxia causes endothelium-dependent increases in tension in systemic arteries and in pulmonary arteries and veins but not in limb veins. The heterogeneity in endothelium-dependent responsiveness may reflect variations in sensitivity of either endothelial or vascular smooth-muscle cells of different anatomical origin.
许多天然存在的物质可在离体血管中引发内皮依赖性反应。在大多数被研究的动脉中，乙酰胆碱、二磷酸腺苷（ADP）、三磷酸腺苷（ATP）、花生四烯酸、缓激肽和凝血酶可引起内皮依赖性舒张。然而，在静脉中，乙酰胆碱、ATP和凝血酶的内皮依赖性抑制作用通常是短暂的和/或适度的，因为这些物质对静脉平滑肌的直接刺激作用掩盖了这种抑制作用；花生四烯酸可引起内皮依赖性增强对去甲肾上腺素的收缩反应。聚集的血小板可引起某些（但不是所有）动脉和静脉的内皮依赖性舒张，这可能是由释放的5-羟色胺和ADP介导的。冠状动脉内皮可增强儿茶酚胺引起的舒张。血管加压素可引起脑动脉和冠状动脉的内皮依赖性舒张，但在体循环血管中则不然。缺氧可引起体循环动脉以及肺动脉和肺静脉的内皮依赖性张力增加，但在肢体静脉中则不会。内皮依赖性反应性的异质性可能反映了不同解剖来源的内皮细胞或血管平滑肌细胞敏感性的差异。
