Division of Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2013 Nov;29(4):809-28. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2013.07.006.
Knowledge of aging and dementia is rapidly evolving with the aim of identifying individuals in the earliest stages of disease processes. Biomarkers allow clinicians to show the presence of a pathologic process and resultant synapse dysfunction and neurodegeneration, even in the earliest stages. This article focuses on biomarkers for mild cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer disease, structural magnetic resonance imaging, fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography, and PET with dopamine ligands. Although these biomarkers are useful, several limitations exist. Several new biomarkers are emerging and a more biological characterization of underlying pathophysiologic spectra may become possible.
随着对衰老和痴呆的认识不断深入，目前的目标是识别疾病早期阶段的个体。生物标志物使临床医生能够显示病理过程的存在以及由此产生的突触功能障碍和神经退行性变，即使在早期阶段也是如此。本文重点介绍了由阿尔茨海默病引起的轻度认知障碍的生物标志物，包括结构性磁共振成像、氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描（PET）或单光子发射计算机断层扫描，以及与多巴胺配体结合的 PET。尽管这些生物标志物很有用，但也存在一些局限性。一些新的生物标志物正在出现，对潜在病理生理谱的更生物学特征描述可能成为可能。
